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| 长江三角洲水环境水资源研究 | |
| 引用本文： | 朱大奎,王颖,王栋,王腊春.长江三角洲水环境水资源研究[J].第四纪研究,2004,24(5):486-494. |
| 作者姓名： | 朱大奎 王颖 王栋 王腊春 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 南京大学大地海洋科学系,南京,210093 2. 南京大学地球科学系,南京,210093 |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目 (批准号 :40 2 710 0 4)资助 |
| 摘 要： | 长江三角洲包括三角洲平原及周边丘陵山地,天然的水环境良好,多年平均当地水资源量为537.79×108m3,长江干流多年平均过境水量9730×108m3,水资源丰富。目前,长江总体水质尚好,主泓水质多为Ⅱ类,沿岸部分具有Ⅲ类水。太湖是上海、苏州、无锡的主要饮用水源,但水质一直在下降,总体为Ⅲ类水(占70%),Ⅱ类水仅占15%,其他河道、小湖泊均为Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类水。钱塘江水系以Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类水为主。京杭运河为Ⅴ类、劣Ⅴ类水。随着人口增加、城镇扩展和乡镇企业快速发展,水环境污染日趋严重,清洁淡水水源日益缩减。长江三角洲平原地区出现水质性缺水,浙东宁波舟山主要是缺乏工程调剂用水。文章建议:1)应用GIS技术,作流域性水环境水资源模型,以解决平原水网区水质、水量的调控、决策和管理;2)浙东缺水区需从全省范围规划建设大区域水利工程,解决供水,避免各县市单独、分散局部规划建设;3)三角洲的洪涝灾害主要是不合理开发引起的。建议按水系自然规律整治河道,去除障碍,减少淤积,降低水位,让洪水流量有畅通去路,同时配合非工程防洪措施以综合防治洪水灾害。长江三角洲由于水环境污染造成的水质性缺水提供了人们研究人和自然环境和谐地相关发展的一个最好例证。 |
| 关 键 词： | 长江三角洲 水环境 水资源 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-7410(2004)05-486-09 |
| 收稿时间： | 2004-05-06 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004年5月6日 |
STUDIES OF WATER ENVIRONMENT AND WATER RESOURCES ON THE DELTA PLAIN OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Land and Ocean Sciences,Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093; 2. Department of Earth Sciences,Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 |
| Abstract: | The Delta area of the Changjiang River consists of delta plain, low mountains and hilly land surrounding with natural water environment and abundant water resources. Local available water resource is about 573.79 ×10 8m 3 on average. The total amount of water resource is about 9 730×10 8m 3 including the water from main streams on the Changjiang River Delta. With the increase of population, urban expansion and rapid development of rural industry, however, the shortage of water in the area is gradually intensifying due to increasingly severe water pollution. Generally the Class Ⅱ of water quality is distributed in the mainstreams, and Ⅲ occurs along the most part of the deltaic reaches. The major drinking water for the cities of Shanghai, Wuxi and Suzhon is from the Lake Taihu. However the water quality of the lake has decreased continuously. The water quality of the lake ranks mainly Class Ⅲ (70%) and of 15% Class Ⅱ. The water quality for other rivers and small lakes is of Class Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The water quality on the River Qiantangjiang is generally of Class Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Water quality of the Grand Canal can be categorised as Class Ⅴ or lower than Class Ⅴ. The worsen water quality influences the supply of fresh water and leads to the water shortage on the Deltaic plain of the Changjiang River. Whereas relevant engineering work in Ningbo City and Zhoushan Islands of the eastern part of Zhejiang Province is required to divert river courses for the supply of the entire area so that the water shortage can be improved. The following measures are suggested for improving current situation and making a proper use of natural water resources: (1) Using GIS to establish a numeric model of water environment and water resources in the Deltaic Basin to control, decide and manage the quality and quantity of water in the plain area. (2)Water training and conservative works are necessary to improve the supply of water in the overall region of the eastern part of Zhejiang Province, instead of dispersing and partial construction in individual places. (3) Flooding and waterlogging on the Delta are mainly caused by unreasonable exploitation. The regulation of river should be based on natural law to reduce the river sediments, to lower water level and reduce the flooding disaster. Meanwhile the non engineering works should be matched to the above to control flooding and waterlogging. The best case is provided through the studies of lack of water due to the worsen water quality conditions on the Deltaic plain of the Changjiang River with the mutual effects between human and natural environments. |
| Keywords: | the Changjiang River Delta water environment water resources |
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