Nonseismic phenomena in the generation and augmentation of tsunamis |
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| Authors: | Patricia A Lockridge |
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| Institution: | (1) National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, 325 Broadway, 80303, Code E/GC1 Boulder, CO, U.S.A. |
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| Abstract: | While earthquakes generate about 90% of all tsunamis, volcanic activity, landslides, explosions, and other nonseismic phenomena can also result in tsunamis. There have been 53 000 reported deaths as a result of tsunamis generated by landslides and volcanoes. No death tolls are available for many events, but reports indicate that villages, islands, and even entire civilizations have disappeared. Some of the highest tsunami wave heights ever observed were produced by landslides. In the National Geophysical Data Center world-wide tsunami database, there are nearly 200 tsunami events in which nonseismic phenomena played a major role. In this paper, we briefly discuss a variety of nonseismic phenomena that can result in tsunamis. We discuss the magnitude of the disasters that have resulted from such events, and we discuss the potential for reducing such disasters by education and warning systems. |
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| Keywords: | Tsunamis earthquakes volcanoes landslides causes subsidence pyroclastics submarine eruptions base surges tsunami warning systems |
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