| 中国西南少数民族聚居区聚落分布的空间格局特征与主控因子分析——以哈尼梯田区为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘志林,丁银平,角媛梅,王金亮,刘澄静,杨宇亮,韦俊峰.中国西南少数民族聚居区聚落分布的空间格局特征与主控因子分析——以哈尼梯田区为例[J].地理科学进展,2021,40(2):257-271. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘志林 丁银平 角媛梅 王金亮 刘澄静 杨宇亮 韦俊峰 |
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| 作者单位： | 云南师范大学地理学部,昆明 650500 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41761115);国家自然科学基金项目(41271203);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0184300);国家社会科学基金项目(20XSH022);云南师范大学研究生科研创新重点项目(ysdyjs2019166) |
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| 摘 要： | 聚落格局是乡村地理学研究的基础,也是人地地域系统的重要组成部分,更是目前地理学研究的热点之一。科学分析、揭示、刻画少数民族等脆弱地区的聚落格局,对合理、高效推进该区域新型城镇化道路建设,实现民族团结和繁荣,全面建成小康社会具有重要意义。而目前,对于少数民族、尤其是多民族共生区的聚落格局研究还不足。论文以中国西南少数民族聚居的哈尼梯田区为例,从聚落分布的空间位置特征、民族格局特征、区位环境特征及其主控因子等方面,刻画了哈尼梯田区哈尼、彝、壮、汉、苗、瑶、傣等7个民族的聚落格局特征。结果表明：① 在空间位置上,哈尼梯田区68%的聚落分布在区内西中部,主要以哈尼、彝、壮为主。② 在民族格局上,形成了以哈尼—彝混居的大格局,以壮、汉、苗、瑶、傣混居的小格局。③ 在区位环境上,7个民族在海拔、坡度、气温、降水量、与河流距离、聚落规模、耕地面积、与行政中心距离和粮食单产等区位环境特征上具有显著差异。④ 在主控因子上,壮、苗、瑶聚落分布的主控因子为经济、行政、旅游中心距离,贡献率分别为86.4%和75.3%、92.8%;彝族聚落布局的主控因子为气温(贡献率为52.0%);汉、哈尼、傣聚落布局的主控因子为降水量,贡献率分别为98.7%、52.2%、97.0%。⑤ 整体而言,哈尼梯田区聚落格局在垂直向上,形成了多民族共生的立体格局,在水平向上形成了多民族互嵌格局。研究可为少数民族地区新农村建设、聚落格局优化、精准扶贫、全面建设小康社会提供科学参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 少数民族 聚落格局 主控因子 哈尼梯田 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-02-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-05-27 |
Spatial patterns and controlling factors of settlement distribution in ethnic minority settlements of southwest China: A case study of Hani terraced fields |
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| LIU Zhilin,DING Yinping,JIAO Yuanmei,WANG Jinliang,LIU Chengjing,YANG Yuliang,WEI Junfeng.Spatial patterns and controlling factors of settlement distribution in ethnic minority settlements of southwest China: A case study of Hani terraced fields[J].Progress in Geography,2021,40(2):257-271. |
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| Authors: | LIU Zhilin DING Yinping JIAO Yuanmei WANG Jinliang LIU Chengjing YANG Yuliang WEI Junfeng |
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| Institution: | Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China |
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| Abstract: | Settlement pattern, an important part of the human-nature system, is the foundation of rural geography, and it has become a hotspot in geographic research. Scientific analysis and characterization of settlement patterns are significant for promoting the development of urbanization, ethnic unity, and well-off society in rural minority areas. However, there is still a lack of research on the settlement patterns of ethnic minority areas, especially in those multi-ethnic group gathered areas. This study depicted the settlement patterns of seven ethnic minority groups (including Hani, Yi, Zhuang, Han, Miao, Yao, and Dai) in the Hani Rice Terraces World Heritage area, which is a typical multi-ethnic group gathered area in the southwest of China. The results show that: 1) In terms of spatial locations, 68% of the settlements in the Hani terraced fields area are located in the west and central parts of the territory, mainly in the areas of Han, Yi, and Zhuang. 2) The ethnic settlement pattern in the Hani terraced fields is characterized by the mix of Hani-Yi, accompanied by the mix of other ethnic groups. 3) In terms of location and the environment, settlements of the seven ethnic groups have significant differences in locational and environmental characteristics such as altitude, slope, temperature, precipitation, distance to river, settlement scale, cultivated land area, distance to administrative center, and grain yields. 4) The main controlling factors of the distribution of Zhuang, Miao, and Yao settlements are economic and administrative and distance to tourism centers (86.4%, 75.3%, and 92.8%); the main controlling factor of the distribution of Yi settlements are air temperature (52.0%); and the main controlling factors of the distribution of Han, Hani, and Dai settlements are precipitation (98.7%, 52.2%, and 97.0%). 5) On the whole, the settlements of Hani terraced fields formed a three-dimensional pattern of multi-ethnic symbiosis vertically, and a multi-ethnic mosaic pattern horizontally. This research can provide a reference for the construction of new rural areas in minority regions, the optimization of settlement patterns, targeted poverty alleviation, and the construction of a well-off society in an all-round way. |
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| Keywords: | ethnic minority settlement pattern main controlling factors Hani Rice Terraces |
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