| 基于地块汇流网络的小流域水沙运移模拟方法研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘高焕,蔡强国,朱会义,唐政红.基于地块汇流网络的小流域水沙运移模拟方法研究[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(1):71-78. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘高焕 蔡强国 朱会义 唐政红 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 中科院地理科学与资源研究所知识创新工程项目(XIOG-D00-04)，国家973项目(G1999043508) |
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| 摘 要： | 全流域逐地块水土流失计算,是目前水土保持定量评价的重要手段,其实现过程既需要有考虑地貌因子和上下游关系的土壤侵蚀模型,也需要建立全流域地块汇流网络,并与侵蚀模型有机连接。本文针对黄土高原特殊的地理条件和水土流失规律,对传统的基于栅格的小流域汇流技术进行了改进,考虑地块间上下游汇流关系,建立了基于地块的水沙汇流网络模型,模拟水沙在流域复杂下垫面的汇流过程,提取出流域各地块间的水沙汇流网络,并计算出3个重要参数:流域地块间水沙汇流的顺序、流域地块间水沙汇流数目的空间分配、水沙流经各地块的坡长。将土壤侵蚀模型按地貌部位与特征分为坡面模型、沟坡模型和沟道输移模型,与地块汇流网络有机集成,实现了水沙运移的全流域按地块沿程计算。
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| 关 键 词： | 地块 水沙汇流网络 土壤侵蚀 |
| 文章编号： | 1007-6301(2003)01-0071-08 |
| 收稿时间： | 2002-10-01 |
| 修稿时间： | 2002年10月1日 |
Simulation of Runoff and Sediment Flow in a Catchment Based on Landunit Flow Networks |
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| LIU Gao huan,CAI Qiang guo,ZHU Hui yi,TANG Zheng hong.Simulation of Runoff and Sediment Flow in a Catchment Based on Landunit Flow Networks[J].Progress in Geography,2003,22(1):71-78. |
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| Authors: | LIU Gao huan CAI Qiang guo ZHU Hui yi TANG Zheng hong |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101 |
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| Abstract: | To calculate soil erosion based on landunit in a catchment is a new and important method for estimation of soil and water conservation measuresTo achieve such a process based calculation in a catchment or a basin, soil erosion model with both landform factors and up and down stream relations in a catchment need to be developedMeanwhile, the runoff flow networks among landunits, which indicate the relations of runoff flow paths between landunits, are necessaryThe flow networks must be connected with soil erosion models to fit the model principlesIn this paper, the traditional technology of grid based flow network was improved according to loess soil erosion rolesA landunit based runoff and sediment flow network model was developed for simulating the flow process in whole basin, from top of basin to its outletThe flow network among landunit was calculated and three important parameters for soil erosion model were afforded: water and sediment flow order among landunits; the spatial distribution of the conflux amount among landunits; and the slope length of the runoff and sediment passing through each landunitThe soil erosion model was developed according to field observation of natural rainfall and artificial rainfalls with different slope, various land cover and different soil conditionsThe model was divided into three models according to landform positions: flat slope model for areas where the slope of landunit is less than 5 degree; slope model for simulation in whole slope; and gully bottom model for calculation of sediments transfer to the outletThese three models were connected with the landunit flow networks, and the parameters for each landunit such as soil type, slope, elevation, vegetation coverage, cultivating measures, landform position, slope length, etc, were automatically transferred from landunit file to the soil erosion model. |
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| Keywords: | Soil erosion Landunit Runoff and sediment flow networks |
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