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| 城市职能特征及其形成机理研究进展与展望 | |
| 引用本文： | 曾春水,林明水,湛东升,林玉英,伍世代.城市职能特征及其形成机理研究进展与展望[J].地理科学进展,2021,40(11):1956-1969. |
| 作者姓名： | 曾春水 林明水 湛东升 林玉英 伍世代 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 福建师范大学旅游学院,福州 350117 2. 智慧旅游福建省高校重点实验室,福州 350117 3. 浙江工业大学管理学院,杭州 310023 |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41971261);国家自然科学基金项目(41901221) |
| 摘 要： | 城市职能是城市定位、制定发展战略的重要依据,城市职能具有阶段性、等级性、地域性等特征,论文通过对不同学者的相关研究成果进行归纳总结,以期把握城市职能特征及其形成机理的普遍性规律。结果表明：① 不同城市发展阶段的职能特征表现为城市主导职能不断更替,农业社会阶段主要是政治和商业职能,工业社会阶段主要是制造业、商贸和物流职能,后工业化阶段是服务业职能且以生产性服务业职能为主。② 不同城市规模等级的职能特征表现为城市等级越高,城市职能综合性越强,服务业职能越强。③ 不同空间层面城市职能特征表现为,全球层面,发达国家本土通过城市职能升级,全球产业转移,形成以服务业为主导职能,发展中国家通过承接制造业转移,加速工业化,形成工业职能为主导职能,服务业职能地位不断提升;全国层面,城市职能地带性差异较大,东部工业职能依然突出,西部矿业职能、科技职能、行政职能较明显;城市群层面,世界发育成熟的城市群,在区域中心城市与外围城市之间,以及外围城市之间已经形成紧密的联系和职能分工。中国的许多城市群在中心和外围城市之间也具有明确的职能分工,中心城市以服务业职能为主,但外围城市之间职能分工还不明确。④ 城市职能演变影响因素方面,自然条件、人口、交通、政府引导、区位等传统因素起基础作用,科技、全球化、信息化等新因素作用越来越大。城市职能演变还受区域分工、产业升级、产业转移、趋同发展等机制共同作用。⑤ 未来研究方面,研究时间上应补充完善长时间尺度和近期研究的城市职能研究,研究内容上应加深城市职能效应、城市职能演变机制和职能优化方面的研究,与国家战略进行融合;研究方法上除了统计分析,还可采用调研、问卷、访谈等方法进行补充。 |
| 关 键 词： | 城市职能 职能结构 职能空间 演变机理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-01-29 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021-04-14 |
A review of research on the characteristics and formation mechanism of urban functions |
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| ZENG Chunshui,LIN Mingshui,ZHAN Dongsheng,LIN Yuying,WU Shidai.A review of research on the characteristics and formation mechanism of urban functions[J].Progress in Geography,2021,40(11):1956-1969. | |
| Authors: | ZENG Chunshui LIN Mingshui ZHAN Dongsheng LIN Yuying WU Shidai |
| Institution: | 1. College of Tourism, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China 2. Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Smart Tourism of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350117, China 3. School of Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China |
| Abstract: | Urban functions are an important basis for city identity and the formulation of development strategies. Urban functions have development stage, hierarchical, and regional characteristics. It is urgent to analyze and summarize the research results of different scholars in order to grasp the pattern of urban functional characteristics and formation mechanisms. The results show that: 1) The functional characteristics of different stages of urban development include political and commercial functions in the agrarian society; and manufacturing, trade, and logistics functions in the industrial society. The post industrialization stage is characterized by the service industry, and productive services are the main functions. 2) With regard to the functional characteristics of different city scales, the higher the city level, the more comprehensive the urban functions and the stronger the service functions. 3) At different spatial scales, cities present different functional characteristics. 4) Traditional factors such as natural conditions, population, transportation, government guidance, and location play a fundamental role in the evolution of urban functions, while new factors such as science and technology, globalization, and informatization play an increasingly important role. The evolution of urban functions is also affected by regional division of labor, industrial upgrading, industrial transfer, convergence development, and other mechanisms. 5) In the future, we should include and improve the long-temporal scale and recent research on urban functions, deepen the research on urban function effect, urban function evolution mechanism, and function optimization, and promote the integration with national strategies. In addition to statistical analysis, the research methods should be supplemented by field survey, questionnaire, interview, and other methods. |
| Keywords: | urban function functional structure functional space evolution mechanism |
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