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| 航空和高铁对中国城市创新能力的影响 | |
| 引用本文： | 罗雪,毛炜圣,王帮娟,刘承良.航空和高铁对中国城市创新能力的影响[J].地理科学进展,2022,41(12):2203-2217. |
| 作者姓名： | 罗雪 毛炜圣 王帮娟 刘承良 |
| 作者单位： | 1.华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院，上海 200241 2.华东师范大学全球创新与发展研究院，上海 200062 |
| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金重大项目(21ZDA011);上海市“曙光人才计划”项目(19SG22) |
| 摘 要： | 交通运输是创新网络中人才流、资本流等知识与技术流动的物理空间承载，其对城市的创新能力影响已成为经济地理学的交叉前沿热点。论文基于2007—2018年中国城市尺度数据，以航空和高铁运输为例，构建交通运输对城市创新能力影响效应的理论框架，采用双向固定效应面板回归模型，实证检验航空和高铁对城市创新能力的多重异质性机制，并探讨了知识传播、资本积累、产业升级在交通运输与创新能力之间的中介效应。研究发现：① 航空和高铁建设均对城市创新能力有显著正向影响，高铁对城市的创新溢出效应约为航空的3倍。② 航空和高铁对不同类型城市的创新溢出效应存在显著异质性。城市等级异质性方面，航空和高铁对中心城市创新能力的正向影响强度高于非中心城市。人口规模异质性方面，航空对大、中城市创新能力提升有显著正向影响，对小城市有抑制作用；高铁运输则对不同人口规模城市的创新能力均有正向影响，呈现大城市>中等城市>小城市的态势。区域异质性方面，航空和高铁对东、中、西、东北地区的创新能力均有不同程度的提升作用，表现出显著的“马太效应”，东部地区优势地位凸显。③ 航空和高铁均可通过促进技术转移、风险资本配置、外商资本配置间接促使城市创新能力提升。此外，航空还能够通过促进产业升级间接促使城市创新能力提升。 |
| 关 键 词： | 航空运输 高铁运输 城市创新能力 双向固定效应面板回归 中介效应 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-05-12 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022-08-06 |
The impacts of aviation and high-speed rail on urban innovation capacity in China |
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| LUO Xue,MAO Weisheng,WANG Bangjuan,LIU Chengliang.The impacts of aviation and high-speed rail on urban innovation capacity in China[J].Progress in Geography,2022,41(12):2203-2217. | |
| Authors: | LUO Xue MAO Weisheng WANG Bangjuan LIU Chengliang |
| Institution: | 1. School of Urban & Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China 2. Institute for Global Innovation and Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China |
| Abstract: | Transportation is the physical carrier of knowledge and technology spatial flows such as talent and capital flows in innovation networks, and its impacts on urban innovation capacity have become a cross-cutting frontier in economic geography. Based on the city-scale data of China from 2007 to 2018 and taking air and high-speed rail transportation as examples, this study constructed a theoretical framework for the effect of transportation on urban innovation capacity, adopted the two-way fixed-effects panel regression model to empirically test the multiple heterogeneity mechanisms of aviation and high-speed rail on urban innovation capacity, and explored the mediation effects of knowledge dissemination, capital accumulation, and industrial upgrading between transportation and innovation capacity. The results are as follows: 1) Both aviation and high-speed rail development have significant positive impacts on urban innovation capacity, and the spillover effect of high-speed rail on urban innovation is about three times that of aviation. 2) The innovation spillover effects of aviation and high-speed rail on different types of cities are significantly different. In terms of urban grade heterogeneity, the positive impact of aviation and high-speed rail on the innovation capacity of central cities is higher than that of other cities. In terms of population size heterogeneity, aviation has a significant positive impact on the innovation capacity of large and medium-sized cities and an inhibitory effect on small cities, while high-speed rail transportation has a positive impact on urban innovation capacity of cities of different population sizes, showing the trend of large cities > medium-sized cities > small cities. In terms of regional heterogeneity, aviation and high-speed rail have improved the innovation capacity of the eastern, central, western, and northeastern cities of China in varying degrees with a significant Matthew effect, and eastern China has a prominent dominant position. 3) Both aviation and high-speed rail can indirectly promote urban innovation capacity by stimulating technology transfer, venture capital allocation, and foreign capital allocation. Aviation can also indirectly promote urban innovation capacity by stimulating industrial upgrading. |
| Keywords: | air transport high-speed rail transport urban innovation capacity two-way fixed effects panel regression mediation effects |
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