Coping with water scarcity in Kashafroud G-WADI Basin,Iran: climate change or growing demands? |
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| Authors: | Sedigheh Torabi Palatkaleh Niloofar Sadeghi Kobra Estiri and Meisam Ashouri |
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| Institution: | Water Engineering, Head of Water Allocation Group, Ministry of Energy, Iran (storabi@wrm.ir);Water Management, Prgramme Officer for Natural Sciences, UNESCO Tehran Cluster Office (n.sadeghi@unesco.org);Water Allocation Group, Ministry of Energy, Iran (kobbeh2003@yahoo.com);Water Allocation Group, Ministry of Energy, Iran (meisam.ashuri@gmail.com) |
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| Abstract: | This paper assesses the various factors contributing to climate change in the region of the Kashafroud G-WADI Basin in Iran; quantifies
the local impacts of climate change, especially local water scarcity; and simulates and discusses several proposed methods to
combat these impacts. Hydrologic and climatic data are statistically analyzed and VENSIM modeling is used for various simulations
of water resources in the basin. Results show that the natural climate changes affecting Kashafroud Basin include increased temperature,
less rainfall, more frequent droughts, and changes in rainfall patterns, all of which are local symptoms of climate change in recent
years. However, the most important challenge in the basin is the overexploitation of surface and groundwater resources to meet the
growing water demands, especially domestic needs. Changes in land use, reallocation of water uses, groundwater depletion, and degradation
of the quality of surface waters have all contributed to significant changes in the environmental features of this basin, and are
the main reason why water demands now exceed the renewal capacity of the basin. Proposed response measures include reallocation
of resources among different uses, inter-basin water transfers, drawing water from six small dams on the Kashafroud River, reducing
groundwater extraction, and replacing groundwater extraction for agriculture by reuse of urban wastewater. This study concludes that
although changes in global climatic parameters have altered environmental features in the basin, local factors, such as water utilization
beyond the renewable capacity of the basin, are more significant in worsening the impacts of climate change. |
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| Keywords: | climate change drought water resource management groundwater depletion Kashafroud G-WADI Basin urban
drinking water demand inter basin water transfer Hariroud River |
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