| 全球重大疫情对经济系统的影响及其响应的比较研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 李国平,杨艺,徐祯,李涛.全球重大疫情对经济系统的影响及其响应的比较研究[J].世界地理研究,2020,29(6):1091-1101. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李国平 杨艺 徐祯 李涛 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871;北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871;北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871;北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41671120);北京大学疫情防控攻关专项（ZX008） |
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| 摘 要： | 新型冠状病毒疫情扩散范围广、感染人数多，被世界卫生组织列为“国际公共卫生紧急事件”。以2003年中国非典型肺炎、2009年墨西哥甲型H1N1流感、2015年韩国中东呼吸道综合症和截至目前的2020年全球新冠疫情作为典型案例，比较全球重大疫情的经济影响与各地的响应措施，有助于积极探索更好地应对本次新冠疫情经济影响的政策响应途径。在历次疫情影响下，中国、墨西哥、韩国、美国等国家的经济系统都受到了突发疫情的重大影响。2003年中国第二季度GDP增速环比降低1.98%，交通运输、住宿、餐饮等第三产业首当其冲；墨西哥2009年GDP增长率降至-5.286%，旅游、零售餐饮与猪肉行业受到较大冲击；韩国2015年GDP增速由2014年的3.3%降至2.79%，旅游业与零售业的市场需求受到极大抑制；美国2020年第二季度实际GDP按年率计算下滑32.9%，是自1947年以来的最大降幅。为此，各国政府积极响应和应对，多策并举减轻疫情对经济系统的短期冲击：一是通过设立专项资金、增加财政预算，全面支持经济复苏；二是通过为企业提供经营补贴、延缓税收缴纳等举措，减轻企业尤其中小企业的经营负担；三是通过电商平台、城市宣传、简化签证手续等举措，振兴旅游业和商业发展。为了更好地应对此次新型冠状病毒疫情对经济系统的影响，各国应当统筹疫情防控与经济发展，积极采取减费降税、减少企业负担、扶持第三产业等响应举措，尽快恢复正常的世界经济秩序。
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| 关 键 词： | 全球重大疫情 新型冠状病毒 经济影响 响应措施 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-02-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-03-20 |
A comparative study of the economic impact of major global outbreaks and their responses |
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| Guoping LI,Yi YANG,Zhen XU,Tao LI.A comparative study of the economic impact of major global outbreaks and their responses[J].World Regional Studies,2020,29(6):1091-1101. |
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| Authors: | Guoping LI Yi YANG Zhen XU Tao LI |
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| Institution: | School of Government, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
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| Abstract: | The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia has spread widely and infected a large number of people, which is listed in "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" by World Health Organization. By selecting SARS in China in 2003, influenza A (H1N1) in Mexico in 2009, MERS in South Korea in 2015 and the global novel coronavirus pneumonia in 2020 at present as typical cases, we conducts a comparative study on the economic impact of major global outbreaks and their responses. We hope to provide references for all countries to formulate response policies to mitigate the economic impact of this outbreak. The economies of China, Mexico, South Korea and America have been severely affected by the outbreak. Accordingly, the governments of all countries have responded positively and taken sorts of measures to mitigate the short-term economic impact of the outbreak. First, they fully supported economic recovery by setting up special funds and increasing the budget. Second, in order to reduce the operating burden of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, they provided enterprises with operating subsidies and tax payment delay. The third was to boost tourism and business development through electric business platform, urban publicity and simplifying visa procedures. In conclusion, in order to cope with the economic impact of novel coronavirus pneumonia, all the countries should coordinate epidemic prevention and economic development. In order to restore normal world economic order as soon as possible, we put forward suggestions on reducing fees and taxes, reducing the burden of enterprises, and supporting the tertiary industry. |
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| Keywords: | major global outbreaks novel coronavirus pneumonia economic impact response measures |
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