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| 北京地区城市热岛强度长期变化特征及气候学影响机制 | |
| 引用本文： | 黄群芳,陆玉麒.北京地区城市热岛强度长期变化特征及气候学影响机制[J].地理科学,2018,38(10):1715-1723. |
| 作者姓名： | 黄群芳 陆玉麒 |
| 作者单位： | 1.江苏第二师范学院城市与资源环境学院,江苏 南京 210013 2.南京师范大学地理科学学院,江苏 南京 210023 |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（41430635）资助 |
| 摘 要： | 选择北京地区为研究区,基于1967~2016年城市站（北京站）和城郊农村站（密云站）的长期气象观测数据,研究平均气温、最高气温、最低气温对应的城市热岛强度长期变化特征及其气候学影响机制。研究发现,过去50 a平均气温和最低气温对应的城市热岛强度显著增加,增温率分别为0.29℃/10a和0.45℃/10a,而最高气温对应的城市热岛强度则没有明显变化趋势;统计分析显示过去50 a北京地区相对湿度、风速和日照时数显著降低以及气温显著上升有利于城市热岛的形成,强化城市热岛强度;未来全球变暖和快速城市化背景下北京地区城市热岛效应将进一步加剧,形成更频繁和持续时间更长的夏季城市高温热浪,严重危及城市居民生产生活和生命健康。 |
| 关 键 词： | 城市热岛强度 长期趋势 相对湿度 风速 气压 北京地区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-12-23 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018-07-17 |
Long-term Trend of Urban Heat Island Intensity and Climatological Affecting Mechanism in Bejing City |
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| Qunfang Huang,Yuqi Lu.Long-term Trend of Urban Heat Island Intensity and Climatological Affecting Mechanism in Bejing City[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2018,38(10):1715-1723. | |
| Authors: | Qunfang Huang Yuqi Lu |
| Institution: | 1. College of Urban, Resources and Environmental Science, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, Jiangsu, China 2. College of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China |
| Abstract: | Urban heat island (UHI) has an important effect on urban eco-environment, living and production, and physical and mental health of the residents. In addition, urban warming especially summer heat wave caused by UHI significantly affects many aspects of the global economy, such as energy and water consumption, transportation, and social economy. Understanding of long-term trend of urban heat island intensity and its climatological driving mechanism will help the rational urban planning, urban livable construction, and urban sustainable development. Beijing is the center of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area, and has experienced a rapid urbanization process in the past few decades. This study aims to elucidate the long-term trends of UHI intensities of mean air temperature, minimum air temperature, and maximum air temperature and the climatological driving mechanism based on 50 years (1967-2016) meteorological observation data from urban station (Beijing station) and rural station (Miyun station). In the past five decades, the UHI intensities of mean air temperature, and minimum air temperature showed a significant increasing trend with the increasing rates of 0.29℃/decade (r2=0.59, P<0.001) and 0.45℃/decade (r2=0.62, P<0.001) respectively. In contrast, no marked variability trend was observed for the UHI intensities of maximum air temperature. Statistical analysis has shown that relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine duration decreased significantly and air temperature increased significantly in Beijing over the past 50 years, which is conducive to the formation of UHI and the enhancement of UHI intensity. Multiple stepwise linear regressions showed that relative humidity, maximum wind speed, and atmospheric pressure were the key climatological factors controlling UHI intensities of mean air temperature and minimum air temperature, which could explain 92.4% and 87.6% of variabilities respectively. Atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, and sunshine duration were the key climatological factors controlling UHI intensities of maximum air temperature. Under the background of global warming and rapid urbanization, UHI effect in Beijing will further intensify, resulting in more frequent and prolonged summer urban heat waves, which will seriously endanger urban residents' production, life and health. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the effects of UHI on the future urban planning and construction. By optimizing urban layout, carrying out reasonable road system planning, energy planning and ecosystem planning and other measures, we can alleviate UHI effects and reduce high temperature and heat waves harm caused by UHI. |
| Keywords: | urban heat island intensity long-term trend relative humidity wind speed atmospheric pressure Beijing City |
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