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| 1635—2019年通辽地区聚落变迁研究 | |
| 引用本文： | 苏都尔,那顺达来,东方杰,苏布登格日勒,苏力德,苏亚拉其其格,马尚谦.1635—2019年通辽地区聚落变迁研究[J].地理科学,2021,41(11):2011-2020. |
| 作者姓名： | 苏都尔 那顺达来 东方杰 苏布登格日勒 苏力德 苏亚拉其其格 马尚谦 |
| 作者单位： | 1.北京师范大学地理科学学部，北京 100875 2.内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022 3.内蒙古大学蒙古学研究中心，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010021 4.中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100083 |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(14ZDB037);国家自然科学基金项目(12&ZD146) |
| 摘 要： | 以通辽地区为研究区，统计3 943个聚落并作矢量点数据，利用GIS空间分析及数理统计分析法对研究区聚落1635年以来的空间分布模式及空间分布格局的演变进行了分析。结果发现：① 通辽地区聚落从1795年开始增长速度不断加快，莫兰指数的计算结果表明，分布模式在整体上从1723年开始从随机分布越来越趋于显著的集聚分布。从不同年份的Ripley’s K函数看出，局部上1635—1723年一直处于集聚与离散不均衡的情况，所有距离段内从1795年呈现出显著集聚分布模式。② 1635—1840年，聚落点的几何中心呈现出西南-东北-西北的演变轨迹。核密度分析表明，聚落点在1635年是南部离散分布，1723—1840年南部密度最高。1840—1912年中部出现大量聚落，分布格局变为中部密度最高，1947年至今，西南部和中部都有大量的增长，北部也有一定增长，分布格局变为中部与西南部河流流域最密集。③ 聚落空间格局的演变是人地关系规律、宏观与微观的人文社会因素共同作用的结果，自然条件中地形、水文、气候等因素都直接或间接影响人类生产和居住，进而影响聚落的分布格局。聚落的增长速度及空间演变与不同历史时期的土地政策、人口迁入规模关系密切，土地政策及行政区划调整、人口迁徙等因素是主要的人为因素。 |
| 关 键 词： | 聚落变迁 空间分析 分布格局 影响因素 通辽地区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-04-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-10-10 |
Study on the Settlement Evolution in Tongliao Region Between 1635-2019 |
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| Suduer,Nashundalai,Dong Fangjie,Subudenggerile,Su Lide,Suyalaqiqige,Ma Shangqian.Study on the Settlement Evolution in Tongliao Region Between 1635-2019[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2021,41(11):2011-2020. | |
| Authors: | Suduer Nashundalai Dong Fangjie Subudenggerile Su Lide Suyalaqiqige Ma Shangqian |
| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2. College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, Inner Mongolia, China 3. Center of Monglian Studies, Inner Monglia University, Hohhot 010021 , Inner Mongolia, China 4. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China |
| Abstract: | In this study, Tongliao region was taken as the research area, in which 3 943 settlements were calculated as vector point data. Then GIS spatial analysis and spatial statistical analysis were applied to research the evolution of spatial distribution patterns and distribution structures of these settlements over the past 300 years. Results show that the growth rate of settlements in Tongliao region has been accelerating since 1795. On the whole, a random distribution pattern gradually become a significant concentrated distribution from 1723. It has clearly shown that the distribution patterns have regionally transformed from clustering and discrete disequilibrium between 1635 and 1723 to significant clustering in 1795. Moreover, it has found that the geometric center of the settlements has altered from the southwest to the northeast in 1635, and then to the Liaohe River basin in the northwest after 1840. The results of Kernel density analysis revealed that the settlement point was discretely distributed in the south in 1635, and the density of the distribution was the highest in the south from 1723 to 1840. While, from 1840 to 1912, a large number of settlements appeared in the central region, in which the density became the highest . From 1947 to now, there was a large increase of density in the southwest and the central region, thus the highest density point once again moved to these areas. Finally, the study further explored that the evolution of the spatial patterns of settlements is the result of the interaction of the rules of human-earth relations and the human factors at the macro and micro levels. In natural conditions, factors such as topography, hydrology and climate directly or indirectly affect human production and residence, thus affect the distribution of settlements.The humanistic and social factors mainly included the land policy and administrative division adjustment of the Qing court, the Beiyang government, the puppet Manchukuo and the People’s Republic of China, as well as the population migration and upheaval since the Qing Dynasty. |
| Keywords: | settlement evolution distribution pattern distribution structure affecting factors Tongliao region |
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