| 21世纪初中国粮食短缺地区的空间格局和区域差异 |
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| 引用本文： | 殷培红,方修琦,马玉玲,田青.21世纪初中国粮食短缺地区的空间格局和区域差异[J].地理科学,2007,27(4):463-472. |
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| 作者姓名： | 殷培红 方修琦 马玉玲 田青 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 北京师范大学地理与遥感科学学院,北京,100875
2. 国家减灾中心灾害信息部,北京,100053 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目(资助号:40571165) |
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| 摘 要： | 利用2000～2003年县级统计数据,揭示了2000年以来中国缺粮地区的空间格局和区域差异。考虑气候波动和自然灾害影响,将缺粮区区分为常年缺粮区和潜在缺粮区,同时运用聚类方法,分别将两种缺粮区划分为不同区域类型,重点分析了缺粮的原因以及影响粮食供需平衡的主要因素。表明:中国的常年缺粮区主要分布集中在胡焕庸线以西地区,潜在缺粮区主要分布在此线以东地区。长江以南地区的常年缺粮总量最多;半湿润、半干旱地带上的常年缺粮区,总数最多、分布广,缺粮总量列第二位,同时还存在着不同特点的潜在缺粮区,这里,粮食安全受环境变化影响大,粮食、耕地、经济、环境矛盾突出。
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| 关 键 词： | 粮食短缺 空间格局 区域差异 粮食安全 中国 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-0690（2007）04-0463-10 |
| 收稿时间： | 2006-03-14 |
| 修稿时间： | 2006-11-13 |
Distribution and Regional Difference of Food Shortage in China in 21st Century |
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| YIN Pei-Hong,Fang Xiu-Qi,Ma Yu-Ling,Tian Qing.Distribution and Regional Difference of Food Shortage in China in 21st Century[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2007,27(4):463-472. |
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| Authors: | YIN Pei-Hong Fang Xiu-Qi Ma Yu-Ling Tian Qing |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Geography, Belting Normal University, Beijing, 100875; 2. National Disaster Reduction Center of China, Belting, 100053 |
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| Abstract: | Based on the counties' statistic data in 2000-2003,this paper reveals new regional distribution and difference of food shortage in China in early 21st century.Considering impacts of climatic fluctuation and natural disasters,two types of food-shortage region are given out.One is the food-shortage region in average year that the per capita grain yield is lower than 300kg.Another is the potential food-shortage region that the per capita grain yield is lower than 430kg in average year,which would be lower than 300kg once grain yield is reduced 30% for natural disasters.In order to analyze main reasons of food-shortage and influential factors of grain supply-demand,two types of food-shortage regions are grouped into some sub-types by k-means cluster respectively.The main conclusions are as follows.(1) There are 583 food-shortage counties,about 28% of total 2075 counties and cities at county level in China,and 698 potential food-shortage counties,about 33.6% of total.The food-shortage regions in average year are mainly distributed in the planting area and semi-pasture area west to the sideline of population density near Heihe City in Heilongjiang Province to Tengchong City in Yunnan Province,namely Huhuanyong Sideline of population geography in China.On the contrary,the potential food-shortage regions are distributed widely in the area eastward to Huhuanyong Sideline.(2) Food-shortage regions in average year in China concentrate on the semi-humid and semi-arid area and the area southern to the Changjiang(Yangtze) River.The first area has the largest numbers,covers the widest range,and ranks the 2nd of population and quantity of food shortage.The second area,mostly located in hill area,has the largest population and quantity of food shortage.(3) In the semi-arid and semi-humid transitional zone,the distribution of food-shortage region in average year is dominated,and there are different sub-types of potential food-shortage region as well.More attention should be paid to this transitional zone,for that,in this region,grain security is strongly impacted by the environmental changes,conflicts among population,grain,cultivated land,economic development and environmental protection are distinct.(4) There are diverse reasons of food shortage and distinct regional disparity in food shortage region.Lake of cultivated land is the common and main factors to limit above food shortage regions to improving the self-support of grain.In the semi-humid and semi-arid area,poor natural conditions and lower grain yield per grain-sown area are another important limiting factors.In South China,the self-support of grain is influenced by comparative dominance of crops,and proportion of grain-sown area is lower.Therefore,it is very important to safeguard strictly basic cultivated land in China.At the same time,decrease trend of grain-sown area should be controlled strictly in South China and traditional grain-output region in North China. |
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| Keywords: | food shortage regional spatial pattern regional difference grain security China |
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