| 南京城市贫困空间调查与分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈果,顾朝林,吴缚龙.南京城市贫困空间调查与分析[J].地理科学,2004,24(5):542-549. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈果 顾朝林 吴缚龙 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 南京大学城市与资源学系, 江苏 南京 210093;2. 英国南安普顿大学地理系 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家杰出青年基金(40025102)，国家自然科学基金(49871031)资助项目。 |
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| 摘 要： | 从城市社会地理学的角度,运用城市社会保障资料和典型社区问卷调查和访谈,对南京市城市贫困阶层进行了空间分析,并探讨了产生这一格局的原因和机制。从南京的实例不难看出,中国当代的城市贫困空间,既不同于国外城市的棚户区和边缘化特点,也不同于中国农村贫困户相对集中分布,具有较明显的分散性特征。形成这种城市贫困空间结构的动力机制主要在于中国城市近50年的城市住房分配制度造成了以单位制为基础的社会阶层混合居住的局面。随着城市住房体制改革的逐步完成和住房商品化和私有化进程,中国城市的贫困空间也将呈现相对集中分布的趋势,即贫困家庭向地价低廉的城郊结合带集中,而在城市中心区的外围也将由于房地产开发无法获利而造成旧区的衰退,从而形成贫民区。
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| 关 键 词： | 城市贫困 城市社会空间 南京 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-0690(2004)05-0542-08 |
| 收稿时间： | 2003-09-16 |
| 修稿时间： | 2003-12-11 |
Spatial Analysis of Urban Poverty in Nanjing |
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| CHEN Guo,GU Chao-Lin,WU Fu-Long.Spatial Analysis of Urban Poverty in Nanjing[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2004,24(5):542-549. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Guo GU Chao-Lin WU Fu-Long |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Urban and Resource Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093;2. Department of Geography, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK |
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| Abstract: | Previous researches on poverty under Chinese state socialism placed a disproportionate emphasis on rural areas. As a result of the social economic restructuring after the implementation of economic reform, the urban social space in China has been undergoing a remarkable transformation and reorganization in recent years. While some social groups become rich earlier, some others are losing their advantages in the social economic system. They are suffering deterioration in living qualities, and form the so-called "urban poor" or "new urban poverty" in transforming urban society. The presence, the living status, the social behavior, and most importantly, the spatial distribution of such a special group of people are playing more and more important roles in the construction of urban space and urban landscapes in China. This article stresses the urban poverty under political transition and economic transformation. This research aims to examine the spatial distribution of urban poverty in China from the perspective of social geography through the case study on Nanjing City. The data used includes government records on social assistance recipients, as well as materials gathered from questionnaire survey and interviews in poor communities. We argue that the "social equity" has disappeared since the economic reform and the ensuing urban transformation in 1984. The economic transition occurring in China is creating new sources of urban poverty populations, which are significantly different from the traditional urban poor comprised of the "three nos" in the socialist era. In this paper we explore the linkages between the transitional nature of state economy and the new urban poverty in mainland China.This paper also analyzes the causes and mechanism of urban poverty. The research shows that the spatial distribution of urban poverty is both different from the "slum" aggregation in other third world countries, and different from the regionally concentrated rural poverty in China. We argue that the decentralized and stochastic spatial pattern of urban poverty in China is driven and precipitated by the state housing allocation policies during the past 50 years. It is suggested that with further implementation of housing reform and commercialization of housing market, urban poverty will exhibit greater spatial concentration, with poor households moving toward the urban fringe areas and gradually forming poor communities outside the urban center. Based on the case study of Nanjing City, we propose a theoretical framework addressing the changes in the structure of economy, current welfare system, and social spatial organization of urban populations to understand the growth of new urban poverty in China. The changing composition and spatial distribution of urban poverty population are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Urban poverty urban social space Nanjing |
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