| 塔里木沙漠公路沿线不同地下水埋深下的土壤水盐分布特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 李雪,李国敏,王志民,陕硕,张江义,李生宇,范敬龙.塔里木沙漠公路沿线不同地下水埋深下的土壤水盐分布特征[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(3):393-399. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李雪 李国敏 王志民 陕硕 张江义 李生宇 范敬龙 |
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| 作者单位： | （1 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所， 北京 100029； 2 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011） |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过在塔里木沙漠公路沿线选取3个不同地下水埋深区域（地下水埋深分别为3 m、7.3 m、13.7 m）取样并测定土壤含水率和含盐量，分析了地下水埋深对于土壤水盐分布的影响。结果表明：不同地下水埋深处土壤含水率随深度增加均先减小后增大，盐分的变化相对比较复杂；砂土最大毛细上升高度大约为1.8 m；黏土层具有聚水积盐的作用，其分布处含水率和含盐量都比较大；灌溉水影响深度为1.2 m。研究结果充分考虑了地下水埋深在土壤水盐分布中起的重要作用，在相关研究中具有重要的参考意义，对于建立合理的灌溉制度具有重要的指导意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 沙漠公路 潜水埋深 滴灌 水盐 影响因素 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-08-12 |
Soil water and salt with different water table depths along the Tarim Desert Highway |
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| LI Xue,LI Guo-min,WANG Zhi-min,SHAN Shuo,ZHANG Jiang-yi,LI Sheng-yu,FAN Jing-long.Soil water and salt with different water table depths along the Tarim Desert Highway[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(3):393-399. |
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| Authors: | LI Xue LI Guo-min WANG Zhi-min SHAN Shuo ZHANG Jiang-yi LI Sheng-yu FAN Jing-long |
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| Institution: | （1 EGL，Institute of Geology and Geophysics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100029, China;2 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Urumqi 830011，Xinjiang，China） |
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| Abstract: | Tarim Desert Highway controls the lifeblood of communications in oil and gas exploration and development， which is the first and longest graded highway across shifting sands in the world. But it was still suffering from sandstorms， shelterbelts that flanked the road were built to ensure the road to operate smoothly. The research on distribution of soil water and salt in the shelterbelts makes great significance for the excellent performance of sheltbelts. A lot of work has been done which focuses on the roles of irrigation regime， vegetation and so on while the behavior of water table depth has been ignored. In this research， three profiles where the water table depths were 3 m， 7.3 m and 13.7 m were chosen in order to emphasize the role of water table depth. The three sampling sites are labeled pl， pm and ph. Clay layer exists in ph ranging from 1.8 m to 2.2 m which can also be used for implying the soil material’s effect in characteristic of soil water and salt. Moreover， some sampling work was done between the sampling sites in pm where was far away from plants and drip irrigation. This profile called pm0 in compare with pm could confirm the effect of plants and irrigation. Water content was got by drying method and salt data was tested in means of IC， ICP-MS. The factors of soil water and salt are discussed systematically through sampling and analysis， especially the distribution of soil water and salt under different water table depths along the Tarim Desert Highway. Some data takes great significance and some conclusions are listed as follows：（1）The trend of soil water content first decreases and then increases while the variation of soil salt is not obvious. Therefore， the water depth should be considered in setting up irrigation scheduling. （2）From the diagram of variation of soil water content along the depth， the maximum height of capillary rise of sand is concluded about 1.8 m. （3）The clay plays an important role in water accumulation and salt collection which reflects on that the water content and salt concentration are extremely high in the clay layer in ph. （4）The affected depth of irrigation water is 1.2 m. Irrigation water provides the source of infiltration and eluviates the salt， as a result， the moisture is higher and salinity is lower in upper soil layer with salt accumulates in deeper soil layer. Soil water is higher in pm than that in pm0 within 1.2 m except at 1.0 m， similarly， the salt concentration is lower in pm than that in pm0 within 1.2 m except at 0.8 m. So the irrigation scheduling should be adjusted when the affected depth changes with the growth of the plants. All of this are of great importance in interaction of groundwater and vadose zone， building reasonable irrigation scheduling and making effective use of groundwater. |
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| Keywords: | Tarim Desert Highway water table depth drip irrigation water and salt factors |
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