| 黑河流域土壤退化研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 董建辉.黑河流域土壤退化研究[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(5):654-658. |
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| 作者姓名： | 董建辉 |
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| 作者单位： | 陕西职业技术学院,陕西,西安,710100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（40371008）和中国科学院知识创新项目（KZCX3-SW-324）资助. |
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| 摘 要： | 在黑河流域干旱土纲中采集5个典型土壤剖面以研究该地区干旱土壤的演化。同时，为了了解土壤养分含量、土壤干旱化和土壤盐化的变化趋势，测定了高台县西北盐池地区主要盐土类型各剖面中的盐分含量和流域内主要土类中水分含量的分布。结果表明，干旱区内陆河流域土壤的退化主要表现为干旱化、盐渍化和土壤肥力的退化。在流域内干旱化随流域上中下游降水量和干燥度的变化而变化，土壤随距河流的距离及地下水位的高低而变化。流域内土壤从潜育土向雏形十、干旱雏形土和干旱土的方向变化。盐渍化与土壤水分含量和地下水位有关，并与水分的蒸发有密切的关系。在一定范围内，距水源越远，盐分含量一般越高。土壤肥力的退化表现为土壤有机质含量降低，阳离子代换量降低等理化性质的退化，这一退化过程是其它过程的综合反映。质地的退化虽受风沙化的影响，但与土壤的形成母质有一定的关系。
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| 关 键 词： | 干旱区土壤 干旱士纲 土壤退化 土壤特性 黑河 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-6060（2005）05-0654-05 |
| 收稿时间： | 2004-10-16 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005-04-29 |
Soil Degradation in the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China |
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| DONG Jian-hui.Soil Degradation in the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China[J].Arid Land Geography,2005,28(5):654-658. |
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| Authors: | DONG Jian-hui |
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| Abstract: | Five typical soil profiles receiving different amount of annual precipitation were selected for studying the evolution of arid soils in inland river basins in northwest China. In order to reveal the change of the contents of soil nutrients, moisture content and salinity in the Yanchi region, northwest Gaotai County, the contents of salts in soils and the soil moisture contents were measured. The results show that the soil degradation in arid inland river basins in northwest China is mainly reflected by the reduction of soil moisture content and soil fertility as well as soil salinization. The determined results show that the average moisture contents in 1-m-deep soil layer of gleysols, cambisols, aridic cambisols and aridisols are 281.0g/kg, 218.2g/kg, 67.5g/kg and 51.0g/kg respectively, which show a distinct difference in their moisture contents. Soil aridization occurs due to fail to irrigation, on the one hand, which reduces soil moisture content, so that the soil moisture content cannot meet the water demand for crop growth, or even that the crop growing becomes impossible, and the farmlands have to be abandoned. On the other hand, a drawdown of groundwater level occurs, which results in a difficulty in sucking up soil moisture of crops. Soil salinization is related to soil moisture content and groundwater level, and also closely related to water evaporation. Within a given range, soil salt content is reduced with the increase of distance away from water sources. Gleysols near waters evolve in an order of salinized cambisols, orthic saline soils and aridic saline soils. Soluble salt contents in 1-m-deep soil layer are 1.5 g/kg, 6.3 g/kg, 18.7g/kg 26.7 g/kg respectively. Soil pH values are slightly alkaline (between 7.38 and 8.55) in all the studied soils and are slightly decreased with soil depth. The decline of soil fertility is manifested by the reduction of soil organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, etc. |
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| Keywords: | soil arid area aridisol soil degradation soil property Heihe River Basin |
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