| 中国西北地区季节性积雪的性质与结构 |
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| 引用本文： | 魏文寿,秦大河,刘明哲.中国西北地区季节性积雪的性质与结构[J].干旱区地理,2001,24(4):310-313. |
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| 作者姓名： | 魏文寿 秦大河 刘明哲 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,
2. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目:(kzcx1-10 -0 7)和 (kzcx2 -3 0 5 )资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 中国内陆地区积雪分布十分广泛。根据西北地区大陆性气候条件下形成的“干寒型”积雪的特征 ,对中国天山和阿尔泰山山区的季节性积雪进行了观测与分析。结果表明 ,该区最大积雪深度达 15 2cm(1997) ,积雪层一般由新雪 (或表层凝结霜 )、细粒雪、中粒雪、粗粒雪、松散深霜、聚合深霜层和薄融冻冰层组成。与“湿暖型”积雪相比 ,“干寒型”积雪的性质具有密度小 (新雪的最小密度为 0 .0 4 g/cm3 )、含水率少 (隆冬期 <1% )、温度梯度大(最大可达 - 0 .5 2℃ /cm)、深霜发育层厚等特点 ,并且变质作用以热量交换和雪层压力变质作用为主。据中国科学院天山积雪与雪崩研究站 (43°2 0N ,84°2 9E ,海拔 1776m)的观测资料 ,中国内陆干旱区冬季积雪期雪面太阳辐射通量以负平衡为主 ,新雪雪面反射率达 96 % ,短波辐射在干寒型积雪中的穿透厚度达 2 8cm。春季积雪消融期 ,深霜层厚度可占整个积雪层厚度的 80 %。随着气温的升高 ,雪粒间的键链首先融化 ,使积雪变得松散 ,内聚力、抗压、抗拉和抗剪强度降低 ,积雪含水率也随之增大 ,整个积雪层趋于接近 0℃的等温现象 ,因此 ,春季天山、阿尔泰山等山地全层性湿雪崩频繁发生
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| 关 键 词： | 季节性积雪 “干寒型”积雪 温度梯度 中国 西北地区 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-6060(2001)04-0310-04 |
| 修稿时间： | 2001年2月21日 |
PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF THE SEASONAL SNOW COVER IN THE NORTHWEST REGIONS OF CHINA |
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| WEI Wen shou , QIN Da he LIU Ming zhe.PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF THE SEASONAL SNOW COVER IN THE NORTHWEST REGIONS OF CHINA[J].Arid Land Geography,2001,24(4):310-313. |
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| Authors: | WEI Wen shou QIN Da he LIU Ming zhe |
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| Institution: | WEI Wen shou 1,2 QIN Da he 2 LIU Ming zhe 1 |
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| Abstract: | The continental regions of China are extensively covered by snow during winter. In this paper, the seasonal snow cover in the Tianshan Mountains and Altay Mountain is observed and analyzed, based on the characteristics of the dry cold snow cover accumulating under the continental climatic conditions in northwest China. Compared with the humid warm snow cover, the dry cold snow cover is mainly characterized by small density, low water content, large temperature gradient, thick depth hoar, etc., and its metamorphism is dominated by the thermal exchange and the pressure of the overlying snow layers. According to the observed data, the solar radiation flux on the snow surface is dominated by a negative balance in the arid areas in China during the snow season; the albedo on the new fallen snow surface is up to 96%, and the transmission depth of short wave radiation in dry cold snow cover is 28 cm. During the snow melting season in spring, the thickness of the depth hoar can occupy 80% of the whole snow cover. |
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| Keywords: | seasonal snow cover dry cold snow cover temperature gradient Chian |
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