| 基于PPT战略的广东省乐昌市生态旅游扶贫模式探讨 |
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| 引用本文： | 何继红,孙冰,施招婉,罗水兴,王旭,陈雷,熊鹰,林军,裴男才.基于PPT战略的广东省乐昌市生态旅游扶贫模式探讨[J].热带地理,2021,41(3):645-655. |
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| 作者姓名： | 何继红 孙冰 施招婉 罗水兴 王旭 陈雷 熊鹰 林军 裴男才 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所，广州 510520;2.南京林业大学风景园林学院，南京 210037;3.国际竹藤中心，北京 100102;4.长沙理工大学资源环境与城乡规划研究中心，长沙 410004;5.乐昌市龙山林场，广东 乐昌 512221 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0505606);广东省林业科技创新项目(2021KJCX017) |
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| 摘 要： | 以贫困人口受益为出发点，基于有利于贫困人口发展的旅游（Pro-Poor Tourism, PPT）战略，以广东省乐昌市为例，开展适用于中国南方林区生态旅游扶贫开发的发展模式和旅游扶贫产业的发展路径研究。结果表明：1）政府部门、旅游企业、乡村社区和非营利社会组织都应在提升贫困人口参与度、减轻贫困和生态保护方面承担责任，具体为：政府部门应主导搭建平台和监管落实，旅游企业合理利用生态资源，乡村社区和非营利社会组织相互支持并协助以推进拟定的旅游扶贫发展模式；2）针对乐昌市“生态林木、高山名茶、特色蔬果”等3种特有生态资源，提出以“茶、林、蔬果”三大特色农林资源为抓手的生态旅游发展方式，并提炼出三条适用于乐昌市的产业发展路径，具体为：“休闲农业+特色林果产业+旅游电商产业”“林下休闲业+林下经济产业+林产品初加工”和“森林生态旅游+特色林业种植+自然生态教育”。基于PPT战略，旅游扶贫开发需协调好政府部门、旅游企业、乡村社区和非营利社会组织的关系，只有这四大参与主体共同兼顾生态旅游扶贫开发中的经济、社会和环境效益，才能最终实现PPT战略的经济发展、贫困社区发展、贫困人口与生态可持续发展这三大层次目标。
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| 关 键 词： | 旅游扶贫 精准扶贫 PPT战略 生态旅游 乡村振兴战略 南方林区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-11-15 |
Proposing a Conceptual Framework for Ecotourism Based on Pro-Poor Tourism Strategy in Lechang City,Guangdong Province |
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| Jihong He,Bing Sun,Zhaowan Shi,Shuixing Luo,Xu Wang,Lei Chen,Ying Xiong,Jun Lin,Nancai Pei.Proposing a Conceptual Framework for Ecotourism Based on Pro-Poor Tourism Strategy in Lechang City,Guangdong Province[J].Tropical Geography,2021,41(3):645-655. |
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| Authors: | Jihong He Bing Sun Zhaowan Shi Shuixing Luo Xu Wang Lei Chen Ying Xiong Jun Lin Nancai Pei |
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| Institution: | 1.Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China;2.College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;3.International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China;4.Research Center of Resource Environment and Urban Planning, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410076, China;5.Lechang Longshan Forest Farm, Lechang 512221, China |
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| Abstract: | Eliminating poverty and exploiting natural resources are sustainable development goals for modern society, especially for developing countries or regions. To achieve these targets, development-oriented eco-tourism planning and design can empower rural areas with rich available natural resources to eventually achieve the aforementioned goals. Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT), an initiative proposed by the UK's Department for International Development in 1999, is regarded as an effective pathway that benefits, through tourism, the underprivileged population living in poor areas. For the purpose of attracting the participation and increasing the income of the poor population, we conducted research, in the present study, on possible models of development-oriented poverty reduction via ecotourism in forest zones. We then proposed several development paths for PPT industries in Lechang city, Guangdong province, southern China, by utilizing the literature review method and conceptual analyses and comprehensively adopting the PPT strategy. The results indicated that: 1) four stakeholders (i.e., government departments, tourism enterprises, rural communities, and non-profit social organizations (NGOs)] are responsible for engaging the poor population, alleviating poverty, and protecting the environment in different ways. Specifically, government departments are expected to play a leading role in setting up platforms and supervising the situation, tourism can maximize its usage of various ecological resources rationally and sustainably, and the rural communities and NGOs are recommended to serve as an organic unit, working together to push forward certain PPT tasks and form practical development models. 2) In consideration of the availability of three featured types of ecological resources (i.e., natural forests, high mountain tea, and characteristic vegetables and fruits) in Lechang city, the present study put forward a compound development model of ecological tourism consisting of the above three featured agro-forestry resources.Furthermore, we proposed three possible pathways suitable for the industrial development of Lechang city; that is, (i) "leisure agriculture + characteristic forest fruit industry + e-commercial tourism industry," (ii) "understory leisure industry + understory economic industry + initial processing of forest products," and (iii) "forest eco-tourism + characteristic forest planting + natural ecological education." In conclusion, our study suggests that the rational utilization of the PPT strategy and the effective integration of government departments, tourism enterprises, rural communities, and NGOs could facilitate subsequent tasks. The study also emphasized that achieving the anticipated three goals (i.e., comprehensive development of economy, comprehensive development of poor communities, as well as poor population and ecological sustainability) might largely rely on the full consideration of benefits for the economy, society, and the environment during the process of development-oriented poverty reduction via eco-tourism by the four stakeholders. |
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| Keywords: | tourism poverty alleviation targeted poverty alleviation Pro-Poor Tourism eco-tourism rural revitalization strategy forest zones in southern China |
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