| 社会网络视角中世界文化遗产地旅游村寨的利益关系治理 |
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| 引用本文： | 时少华,李享.社会网络视角中世界文化遗产地旅游村寨的利益关系治理[J].热带地理,2020,40(4):625-635. |
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| 作者姓名： | 时少华 李享 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京联合大学 旅游学院，北京 100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 文化和旅游部文化与旅游研究项目(18DY05) |
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| 摘 要： | 以云南省红河州元阳县哈尼梯田核心区域2个典型的旅游村寨（大鱼塘村和普高老寨）为例，对两村寨利益相关者从网络凝聚性、网络互惠性、网络核心边缘、网络传递性、网络经纪人等5个方面展开关系数据分析，结果显示：1）大鱼塘村压力集团内部、压力集团与社区、企业与政府之间的利益关联性和联系的紧密性不足；2）两村当地政府和压力集团与社区之间的互惠性低于整体平均互惠性；3）两村利益网络中边缘结构较核心结构更加明显，这导致了利益关系的不平衡；4）两村当地政府利益集团传递性相对较低，当地社区传递性最高；5）两村中利益集团间缺少部分协调人、守门人、代理人、联络人等角色。最后提出相应建议：1）提升哈尼梯田利益关系由弱利益关系转变为强利益关系，改变利益集团间核心边缘利益关系格局；2）进一步加强各利益集团内部及之间的关联性；3）加强以企业和政府机构为顶点的组间利益传递，让利益流动逐步打破哈尼梯田利益集团之间的核心边缘关系结构；4）重点加强社区在利益关系网络中的参与机会与权力，对社区进行增权；5）利益集团内部要重点培育协调人和顾问角色，利益集团之间要重点培育企业与政府、社区、压力集团之间的守门人、代理人和联络人角色，以及社区与政府和企业之间的守门人、代理人角色。
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| 关 键 词： | 社会网络 世界文化遗产地 旅游村寨 利益关系治理 元阳哈尼梯田 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-08-07 |
Assessing Governance of Interest Relationships within World Cultural Heritage Site Using Social Network Analysis: Case Study of Two Typical Tourism Villages in Yunnan’s Hani Rice Terrace |
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| Shaohua Shi,Xiang Li.Assessing Governance of Interest Relationships within World Cultural Heritage Site Using Social Network Analysis: Case Study of Two Typical Tourism Villages in Yunnan’s Hani Rice Terrace[J].Tropical Geography,2020,40(4):625-635. |
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| Authors: | Shaohua Shi Xiang Li |
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| Institution: | Tourism College, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | Hani Rice Terraces in Yunnan Province of China is listed as UNESCO world Cultural Heritage in 2014 and also Globally Agricultural Heritage Systems in 2010 as the marvelous human wisdom and its outstanding universal value to the human beings. Located in the core area of Hani Rice Terraces, Dayutang Village (DYT) and Pugaolaozhai Village (PGLZ) are small towns where the Hani nationality live. They are also typical agricultural and ecological tourism destinations attracting visitors from all over the world. However, interest disputes and governance among stakeholders have always been challenges to maintaining the sustainability of tourism at world cultural heritage sites. Consequently, it is of great significance to assess the governance of the village interest relationships from the perspective of stakeholders. Social Network Analysis (SNA) provides a good tool for explaining stakeholder relationships, though this has rarely been applied to studies of stakeholder relationship networks in tourism villages related to world heritage sites. This study used SNA to assess two typical tourism villages (DYT and PGLZ) in the Hani Rice Terrace core area with respect to stakeholders including local government agencies, businesses, communities, and pressure groups. Stakeholder relationships in the two villages were then analyzed from five aspects: network cohesion, network reciprocity, network core edge, network transmission, and network broker. The results are as follows. Firstly, the reciprocity between communities and local government agencies, communities and pressure groups is lower than the overall average level. Secondly, the marginal structure in the interest network is more obvious than the core structure, leading to the imbalance of interest relationships. Thirdly, the local government agencies of the two villages have relatively lower transitivity, while the local communities have the highest transitivity. Finally, the interest groups in two villages lack liaison roles. Based on these results, the corresponding suggestions were put forward. Firstly, shape a close interest relation among interest groups to form effective interest coordination mechanism. Secondly, strengthen the internal relationship among the interest groups to form the effective conservation and development force. Thirdly, make full use of the high reciprocity and high transmission feature of interest network. Fourthly, focus on decision-making power and voice power in the interests relation network in local communities to increase the power of the local communities. Last but not the least, cultivate liaison roles such as coordinator, consultant inside and among the interest groups. |
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| Keywords: | Social Network Analysis (SNA) world cultural heritage site tourism village governance of interest relationships Hani Rice Terraces |
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