Hydrochemical Characteristics and Sodification of Groundwater in the Shirin Sou, Hamedan, Western Iran |
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| Authors: | Mohsen Jalali |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Salinity and sodicity of groundwater are the principal water quality concerns in irrigated areas of arid and semi-arid regions.
The hydrochemical characteristics and sodicity of groundwater in the Shirin Sou area, western Iran were investigated in this
study by chemical analyses of groundwater samples from 49 wells. Chemical analysis of the groundwater showed that the mean
concentration of the cations was in the order: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, while that for anions was SO3
2− > Cl− > HCO3
− > NO3
−. The most prevalent water type is Na–SO4 followed by water types Na–Cl and Ca–SO4. The chemical evolution of groundwater is primarily controlled by water–rock interactions: mainly weathering of aluminosilicates,
dissolution of sulfate minerals, and cation exchange reactions. Sulfate dissolution and pyrite weathering may both contribute
to the SO4
2− load of the groundwater. High Na+ concentrations in groundwater participate in ion-exchange processes, resulting in the displacement of base cations into solution
and raised concentrations in groundwater. The principal component analysis (PCA) performed on groundwater identified three
principal components controlling variability of groundwater chemistry. Electrical conductivity, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, SO4
2−, and Cl− content were associated in the same component (PC1) (salinity), most likely linked to anthropogenic activities. |
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