| 湿地景观变化对水禽生境影响研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘红玉,杨青,李兆富,佟守正,张世奎.湿地景观变化对水禽生境影响研究进展[J].湿地科学,2003,1(2):115-121. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘红玉 杨青 李兆富 佟守正 张世奎 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林,长春,130012 |
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| 基金项目： | 获得中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-SW-320)支持。 |
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| 摘 要： | 湿地是自然界重要的生态系统和景观类型,具有巨大的资源潜力和环境功能,是水禽赖以生存的重要繁殖地和越冬地。几十年来,由于人类活动影响造成的湿地景观巨大变化,不仅改变了湿地景观原有的功能,而且在景观或区域水平对水禽的生存环境产生重要影响。湿地景观变化主要在湿地大面积丧失、湿地景观异质性变化和湿地景观破碎化等方面对水禽需求的生境类型和生境要素产生重要影响。我们从湿地景观变化的特征出发,概述了国内外湿地景观变化对水禽生境的影响。发现该方面的研究在研究思路方面发生了方向性的变化。随着对水禽保护的重视,研究和保护战略从过去的研究和保护物种途径转到保护物种所生存的生态系统和景观——即水禽生境的研究和保护受到高度重视;另一方面的变化是研究方法的进步。主要表现为结合野外调查,利用遥感和GIS技术研究水禽生境时空变化及其对水禽种类和种群数量的影响。最后应用累积效应的原理和方法,对深入研究的科学问题进行了展望,提出一些需要深入探讨的问题。
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| 关 键 词： | 湿地 景观变化 水禽生境 影响 进展 |
| 文章编号： | 1672-5948(2003)02-115-07 |
| 修稿时间： | 2003年4月10日 |
Research Progress on Impacts of Wetland Landscape Changes on Waterfowls Habitats |
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| LIU Hong-yu,YANG Qing,LI Zhao-fu,TONG Shou-zheng ZHANG Shi-kui.Research Progress on Impacts of Wetland Landscape Changes on Waterfowls Habitats[J].Wetland Science,2003,1(2):115-121. |
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| Authors: | LIU Hong-yu YANG Qing LI Zhao-fu TONG Shou-zheng ZHANG Shi-kui |
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| Abstract: | Wetland, as an important natural ecosystem and landscape, is of significant environmental functions. Wetland also is an important breeding and wintering areas for waterfowls. But, wetland landscape has been significantly changed by human activities over the past decades. As a result, wetlands lost their original functions and influenced waterfowls habitats in the landscape and regional scales. This paper is to explore the research progress of impacts of wetland landscape changes on waterfowl habitats, which based on wetland landscape changes in a longer time and regional scales. It is found that losses of wetland acreage, changes in heterogeneity and fragmentation in wetland landscapes are the three significant factors that affected waterfowls ' habitat types and required by wetland waterfowls. Losses of wetlands directly lead to losses in habitats and fragmentation of waterfowls habitat. So fragmentation habitat directly impact on waterfowls surviving in landscapes. It is also shown that study and conservation of wetland waterfowls has changed from protection approach of single species turned to protection of habitats relied by waterfowls in wetlands. So the more and more study concentrated on waterfowl's environmental factors' investigation in waterfowl living regions or migration routes, such as food conditions, land cover types, plant coverage, the smallest domain area, water depth, as well as non-disturbance distance to nesting area. The recent research emphasized on the relationship between the community number of waterfowls and their habitats in regional-landscape scales, especially on habitats and their changes in landscape scales, which affected by human activities such as land use changes, draining as well as levees and dams' construction. So conservation of waterfowls habitat should be established in the whole landscape ecology levels, which would become the focused issues in the future. In addition, an other change is in research approaches, specially the application of remote sensing and GIS technology in wa- terfowls habitats investigation, mapping and spatial analysis. This is very useful to investigate waterfowl's habitats and their changes in spatial and temporal scales, which also can facilitate to the spatial analysis as the mentioned above waterfowl's environmental factors in lager regional scales. Finally, the following issues should be explored from the view of some principles of cumulative effects in the future study are emphasized: (1) the cumulative effects of human activities of waterfowls habitats, which including two aspects, one is to explore the cumulative processes of waterfowls habitats loss and fragmentation; and anther is to explore the driving forces on variation of habitats by human activities; (2) the responses of waterfowls habitat variations to the whole regional-landscape changes, which mainly including explore the variation process in temporal and spatial scales of landscape changes and their responses to the whole regional landscape changes; (3) the thresholds of wetland landscape changes of waterfowls habitats, which emphasize the evaluation of historical changes in wetland resources, landscape and ecosystems and estimate if this changes have reached an threshold that lead to an significant impact on waterfowls types and community numbers, especially some key species extinction or ecosystem degradation in some region over the past years. |
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| Keywords: | progress impact wetland landscape waterfowl habitat |
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