| 再论中国城市的职能分类 |
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| 引用本文： | 周一星,孙则昕.再论中国城市的职能分类[J].地理研究,1997,16(1):11-22. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周一星 孙则昕 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京大学城市与环境学系, 北京100871 |
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| 摘 要： | 在回顾中国城市职能分类的研究,总结前人工作的经验和教训的基础上,首次采用城市劳动力结构资料,得出比较符合实际的、能与国际接轨的全国综合性城市职能分类。将1990年465个城市分为4个大类、14个职能亚类和47个职能组,同时对城市职能分类的若干理论和方法论进行阐述,分类结果有广泛的认识价值和应用价值。
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| 关 键 词： | 中国城市 职能分类 劳动力结构 工业职能 |
| 收稿时间： | 1996-02-26 |
| 修稿时间： | 1996-09-09 |
REDISCUSSION ON CHINA'S URBAN FUNCTION CLASSIFICATION |
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| Zhou Yixing Sun Zexing.REDISCUSSION ON CHINA'S URBAN FUNCTION CLASSIFICATION[J].Geographical Research,1997,16(1):11-22. |
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| Authors: | Zhou Yixing Sun Zexing |
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| Institution: | Department of Geography, Peking University, Beijing 100871 |
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| Abstract: | Many studies on urban functional classification have been done in the western countries from1940s to 1970s, whereas few achievements have been published on the classification of nation wideChinese cities because of the lack of a systematic data-set. One of the authors of this paper has clas-sified the industrial function of 295 Chinese cities in 1984. This paper represents the first attempt toclassify all of China's 465 cities in 1990 using the data of employment by sectors and mainly applyingthe techniques of the Ward's Error method of hierarchical cluster analysis and the Nelson measuresubsidiary. The authors define city functional features as consisting of three elements: specialized sectors ofthe city, functional intensity and functional scale. The last one is very important but it was usuallyignored by most previous studies. Chinese cities may be clasified according to the similarity and dif-ference of the above three functional elements. The data matrix consists of 10 variables of the 465 cities in 1990. Seven of them are the per-centage labor force in the following employment sectors: (1) Industry, (2)Geological Prospecting,(3) Construction, (4)Transportation, Postal and Telecommunications Services, (50 Wholesale,Retail Trade and Food Services, Storage, (6) Government, Party Agencies and Social Organiza-tion, and (7) Other Tertiary Sectors (including Banking and Insturance, Real Estate management,Public Services, health Care, Social Welfare, Education, Scientific Research, et al.). The otherthree are (8) the percentage output value of Excavation in industry, (9) Tourism index. and (10)population Size of Cities. The functional classification of Chinese Cities is given as a hierarchal system on different levels.According to the distance coefficients on the dendrogram 60, 30 and 5-15, all the 465 cities areclassified into 4 categories, 14 sub-categories, and 47 functional groups. In 1990, industry accounted for 46.09 percent in total city employment. Because, at present,the industry plays a leading role in urban economic activities, the authors make further analysis onurban industrial functions, and link up successfully the classifications between the comprehensiveand the industrial functions. The result of classifications presented in table 2 includes, firstly, three-level types and theirnames, and secondly, the city's names in each type and the functional features of each city, i.e.size level, specialized sectors and its specialized intensity, and industrial specialized branches and itsspecialized intensity. In order to save space, the authors have to cut out several diagrams and thefunctional features of 170 new cities in table 2, which were designated as "incorporated city"afterthe year of 1984. Readers can compare the functions of 295 cities in 1990 with those in 1984. Moreover, the authors express their viewpoints on the theory, methodology, use and pioneeringproject of research in the field of urban functional classification. |
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| Keywords: | Chinese cities function classification labour structure industrial function |
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