| 气候变化及人为干扰对西藏地区草地退化的影响研究 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 武爽,冯险峰,孔玲玲,刘子川,姚玄楚.气候变化及人为干扰对西藏地区草地退化的影响研究[J].地理研究,2021,40(5):1265-1279. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 武爽 冯险峰 孔玲玲 刘子川 姚玄楚 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101;中国科学院大学,北京100049;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20040401) |
| |
| 摘 要： | 随着草地保护政策的实施,气候及人为干扰对西藏地区草地退化的影响作用发生变化,明确草地退化的影响因素,评价草地保护政策对草地退化恢复的效用,是合理保护西藏地区草地生态平衡的基础。本文以西藏地区为研究区,基于1995—2015年GIMMS-NDVI及统计数据估测草地退化情况,并通过残差分析及回归分析评估了气候变化、人为干扰各自对草地退化的影响,确定出影响西藏地区草地退化的主要因素,并着重探究草地保护政策实施后,放牧干扰对于草地退化的影响情况变化。结果表明：① 1995—2015年西藏地区草地退化面积在908.52万~5207.06万hm2之间波动,整体呈先降后升,复降再升的反复变化过程,草地退化高值区域有由西北向东南方向转移的趋势。② 1995—2015年西藏地区草地区域气温上升显著,而降水方面未表现出明显的变化趋势,气候因素显著影响西藏草地退化区域面积占比为27.96%,温度主导草地退化的区域主要分布于藏南地区,降水主导草地退化的区域分布较为分散。③ 人为干扰对草地退化影响区域占比在2012年前后大体呈先减少后增加的趋势,放牧干扰在2012年后对草地退化影响减弱,表明草地保护政策有所成效,其中牧业县效果最为明显。④ 西藏地区草地退化的驱动因素以人为干扰作用为主,气候因素引起的草地退化较少,并且为恶化作用。
|
| 关 键 词： | 西藏 草地退化 气候变化 人为干扰 放牧强度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-06-30 |
Effects of climate variation and human activities on grassland degradation in Tibet |
| |
| WU Shuang,FENG Xianfeng,KONG Lingling,LIU Zichuan,YAO Xuanchu.Effects of climate variation and human activities on grassland degradation in Tibet[J].Geographical Research,2021,40(5):1265-1279. |
| |
| Authors: | WU Shuang FENG Xianfeng KONG Lingling LIU Zichuan YAO Xuanchu |
| |
| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information on System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
| |
| Abstract: | With the implementation of grassland protection policy, the effects of climate variation and human activities on grassland degradation in Tibet have changed. To identify the main factors of grassland degradation and evaluate the effectiveness of grassland protection policy on grassland recovery is the basis of reasonable protection of grassland ecological balance in Tibet. The grassland degradation of Tibet is estimated based on the data of GIMMS-NDVI and statistical data from 1995 to 2015. Then the paper evaluates the effects of climate variation and human activities on grassland degradation through residual analysis and regression analysis, in order to identify the main factors affecting grassland degradation in Tibet. And it emphatically explores what changes have taken place in the impact of grazing disturbance on grassland degradation after the implementation of grassland protection policy. Through the research and analysis, some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) From 1995 to 2015, the grassland degradation area in Tibet ranged from 908.52 ten thousand hectare to 5207.06 ten thousand hectare, and the change trend is a repeated process of first decreasing and then increasing. The high value area of grassland degradation shows the spatial distribution trend of transferring from northwest to southeast. (2) The temperature of grassland in Tibet increased significantly, but there was no obvious change in terms of the precipitation. Through the analysis of the impact of climate factors on grassland degradation, the results show that the proportion of grassland degradation area affected by climate is 27.96%, and the grassland degradation area dominated by temperature is mainly distributed in southern Tibet, while the area dominated by precipitation is scattered. (3) The proportion of the grassland degradation region affected by human activities generally decreased, followed by an increase after 2012. The grazing disturbance had a significant effect on grassland degradation, but the influence was weakened after 2012, suggesting that the grassland protection policy was effective, and the effect in pastoral counties was most obvious. (4) Human activities were the main driving factor of the significant change area of grassland degradation, and only a few grassland degradation areas were affected by climate factors alone, which had all exerted deteriorating effects. |
| |
| Keywords: | Tibet grassland degradation climate variation human activities grazing intensity |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《地理研究》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《地理研究》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
