| 2000—2018年内蒙古长爪沙鼠疫源地地表景观特征及变化 |
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| 引用本文： | 袁星,杨林生,李海蓉,王利,韦炳干.2000—2018年内蒙古长爪沙鼠疫源地地表景观特征及变化[J].地理研究,2022,41(3):867-879. |
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| 作者姓名： | 袁星 杨林生 李海蓉 王利 韦炳干 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室,北京 1001012.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(42061134019)； |
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| 摘 要： | 鼠疫疫源地的环境变化对鼠疫的传播扩散具有重要影响。本文基于2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年及2018年五期土地利用和年最大化合成NDVI数据,选取斑块面积占比、景观形状指数、最大斑块比例和斑块破碎度、周长面积分维数、蔓延度指数、多样性指数、均匀指数及聚集指数,定量分析了内蒙古长爪沙鼠疫源地土地利用格局和植被格局的结构特征及演变规律。结果表明：① 2000—2015年,内蒙古长爪沙鼠疫源地内土地利用整体稳定,变化较小,2015年后变化较大,主要表现为不同草地之间的转换。② 2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年NDVI介于（0.056,0.37]的草地在疫源地内占据主体地位,面积占比分别为77.45%、83.61%、83.03%和82.47%。到2018年,该类草地面积显著减少,面积占比下降到48.44%。与之对应,2000—2015年,NDVI介于（0.37,0.83]的草地面积占比为22.54%、16.39%、16.96%和17.4%,而2018年,该类草地的面积显著增加到51.34%。③ 2000—2015年,各草地类别表现出类内高聚集分布,类间分界明显的特征。到2018年,各类别草地向多个方向扩散,并在整个疫源地内趋于均衡分布,植被类内连通性增加,类间分界逐渐平滑。该变化使得内蒙古鼠疫流行风险呈增加态势。本研究对厘清长爪沙鼠疫源地地表景观和生态环境的变化、预测鼠疫潜在风险、预防人间鼠疫暴发具有科学参考价值。
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| 关 键 词： | 内蒙古 农牧交错带 长爪沙鼠 地表环境变化 疫源地 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-02-18 |
Landscape pattern changes of Meriones unguiculatus plague foci in Inner Mongolia from 2000 to 2018 |
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| YUAN Xing,YANG Linsheng,LI Hairong,WANG Li,WEI Binggan.Landscape pattern changes of Meriones unguiculatus plague foci in Inner Mongolia from 2000 to 2018[J].Geographical Research,2022,41(3):867-879. |
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| Authors: | YUAN Xing YANG Linsheng LI Hairong WANG Li WEI Binggan |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | The outbreaks and transmission of the plague can be traced back to early environmental changes in the plague natural foci. In this paper, the land use data and annual maximized synthetic normalized vegetation index data in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2018 were used as the basic database. The landscape indexes of PLAND, LSI, LPI and CONHESION, were selected at the class level, and NP, PD, PAFRAC, CONTAG, SHDI, SHEI and AI were calculated at the landscape level to quantitatively analyze the variation of landscape pattern in the Meriones unguiculatus plague foci in Inner Mongolia autonomous region. The main manifestations were shown as follows: ecological environment had only a small natural fluctuation from 2000-2015 in the foci, while dramatic changes took place between 2015-2018 concentrated on the conversion on grassland categories. To better clarify the characteristics of the vegetation pattern, the NDVI classification was refined and the landscape pattern indexes were calculated based on that. The results showed that: areas with NDVI between (0.056, 0.37] dominated within the foci in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and their area percentages were respectively 77.45%, 83.61%, 83.03% and 82.47%; by 2018, the areas of this NDVI category reduced significantly, dropping to 48.44%. Correspondingly, the areas of NDVI between (0.37, 0.83] presented a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2015, which were 28.8%, 34.95%, 34.4% and 33.94% less than that were in 2018 (51.34%). Additionally, each vegetation type exhibited the characteristics of high intra-class aggregated distribution with obvious inter-class boundaries from 2000 to 2015. In 2018, yet, each class of grassland spread in multiple directions and tended to be uniformly distributed within the entire foci. And the intra-class connectivity of the improved vegetation increased and the inter-class divisions gradually decreased. This study has confirmed the significance of early environmental monitoring in the Meriones unguiculatus plague foci. It also provides a scientific basis for clarifying the changes of the surface landscape and ecological environment in Inner Mongolia Meriones unguiculatus plague foci, which has reference for predicting potential risk areas and preventing human from catching plague again. |
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| Keywords: | Inner Mongolia agro-pastoral ecotone Meriones unguiculatus landscape pattern changes plague foci |
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