| 北京市水资源与水量平衡研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 张士锋,孟秀敬,廖强.北京市水资源与水量平衡研究[J].地理研究,2012,31(11):1991-1997. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张士锋 孟秀敬 廖强 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京100101;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京100049;
3. 中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室, 北京100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目，国家重点基础研究发展计划 |
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| 摘 要： | 以降雨-径流-蒸散发平衡和水资源供需平衡模式为基础进行研究,得到以下结论:北京市2001～2009年系列的水资源量与多年平均系列相比,水资源产量减少了约40.1%,减少的原因既有气候因素,也有人类活动导致土地覆被变化的原因,其中气候因素占30.1%,下垫面变化导致产流减少的比重为69.9%;同时由于人口的增长,北京市人均水资源占有量从270 m3下降到114 m3.在北京市水平衡分析中,采用不同下垫面蒸散发模式,计算得到2001～2009年北京市蒸散发为494 mm,河川径流量为46 mm,入境水量为4.34 亿m3,出境水量为8.03 亿m3,超采地下水、水库净补给以及外流域引水量为6.19 亿m3.在不考虑河道内生态需水条件下,北京市的现状缺水量为4.73～5.86 亿m3.到2014年南水北调中线水到达北京以后,北京将可以在75%来水年份下保障10～15年的水资源的基本供需平衡。但是如果遭遇95%来水频率的特枯年份,北京仍然将会面临较为严重的水资源短缺问题。
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| 关 键 词： | 北京市 蒸散发 水量平衡 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-03-18 |
Research on water resources and water balance in Beijing |
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| ZHANG Shi-feng,MENG Xiu-jing,LAO Qiang.Research on water resources and water balance in Beijing[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(11):1991-1997. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Shi-feng MENG Xiu-jing LAO Qiang |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Lab of Water Cycle and Related Surface Processes, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | According to the rainfall-runoff-evapotranspiration and the balance model of water resources supply and demand, some results are obtained as follows.(1) The annual mean amount of water resources in Beijing declined from 37.39×108 m3 to 22.33×108 m3 in 2009, a decrease of about 40.1%, which is due to climate factors (contribution rate of 30.1%) and land cover changesd induced by human activities (69.9%).(2) In recent years, the precipitation in Beijing was 485.5 mm.The evapotranspiration(during the period 2001-2009)calculated by models based on different underlying surface types was 494 mm.The amount of runoff in rivers was 46 mm.The inflow was 4.34×108 m3 and the outflow was 8.03×108 m3.The volume of groundwater overdraft, net reservoir supplies and intake water resources were totally 6.19×108 m3.(3) Without regard to the eco-water demand, the present water shortage in Beijing reaches 4.73～5.85 million m3.By 2014, with the water of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project arriving in Beijing, the water supply and demand balance will be ensured for 10～15 years on the condition of 75% inflowing water frequency.But if Beijing encounters 95% inflowing water frequency of extremely dry years, it will still face serious water shortages. |
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| Keywords: | Beijing water balance evapotranspiration South-to-North Water Transfer Project water shortage |
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