| 生态补偿的地理学特征及内涵研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘春腊,刘卫东,陆大道.生态补偿的地理学特征及内涵研究[J].地理研究,2014,33(5):803-816. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘春腊 刘卫东 陆大道 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室, 北京100101;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41125005） |
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| 摘 要： | 地理学以环境-社会-人类动态的综合思维，以区域综合、区域间的相互关系、尺度间的相互转换等系统研究地球表层的性质和运动规律，“人-地”地域系统是其研究核心。生态补偿是一个典型的地理学研究命题，具有“人-地”地域系统的半开放性、非稳定性以及或然性特征。本文分析了生态补偿作为地理学研究命题的一般特征及其内涵。对于生态补偿是一个地理学研究命题的判断，依据在于自然地域系统厘定了生态补偿参与主体的基本关系、经济地理格局决定了生态补偿的空间差异、地域人文环境影响了生态补偿政策的制定及其补偿形式、地理学方法为生态补偿提供了技术与平台。区域是解读生态补偿问题的突破口，区域结构是制定生态补偿政策的重要参考、区域发展外部性是开展生态补偿的科学依据、地理要素资源的区域权属是确定生态补偿主客体的依据，生态补偿研究具有“区域-差异-尺度”的地理学分析范式。生态补偿的地理学特征表现在区域性、差异性、综合性、动态性等方面。
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| 关 键 词： | 生态补偿 地理学 特征 内涵 &ldquo 人&mdash 地&rdquo 地域系统 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013-05-07 |
| 修稿时间： | 2013-10-29 |
A study of the geographical features and implications of eco-compensation |
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| LIU Chunla,LIU Weidong,LU Dadao.A study of the geographical features and implications of eco-compensation[J].Geographical Research,2014,33(5):803-816. |
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| Authors: | LIU Chunla LIU Weidong LU Dadao |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences andNatural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Geography studies the nature and movement law of earth surface in a systematic way that involves perspectives of regional differentiation, regional interactions, a synthesis of environmental, societal and human dynamics, and interdependence between spatial scales. The discipline takes human-land territorial system (HLTS) as its hard core of studies. This paper argues that eco-compensation is a typical geographical issue and presents similar features of the HLTS, such as semi-opening, instability and random. Based on such an argument, the paper examines the geographical features and implications of eco-compensation. First, the physical side of the HLTS determines the fundamental relationships between different stakeholders in eco-compensation;second, patterns of economic geography play a critical role in regional differences of eco-compensation;third, regional cultural and institutional environment affects the formation and implementation of eco-compensation policies and measures;and fourth, geographical methods provide techniques for formulating eco-compensation. The paper suggests that region is a key to studying eco-compensation issues, regional structure is a major reference for formulating eco-compensation policies, externality is the scientific basis to carry out eco-compensation, and ownership of geographical elements and resources is a key factor to distinguish different stakeholders in eco-compensation. As such, eco-compensation studies should take a geographical research paradigm of "region-differentiation-scale". In short, the geographical features of eco-compensation can be best manifested by such terms as regionalization, spatial differentiation, comprehensiveness, and dynamics. |
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| Keywords: | eco-compensation geography features implications human-land territorial system |
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