| 区域可持续发展中的环境伦理问题 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑度.区域可持续发展中的环境伦理问题[J].地理研究,2005,24(2):161-168. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑度 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目(40471059)
中国科学院学部咨询评议项目:环境伦理构建与区域可持续发展 |
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| 摘 要： | 全世界面临着人口、资源、环境和发展等一系列问题和严重挑战。当前要实施全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观,贯穿其中的主线是树立正确的环境伦理意识,协调处理好人与自然的关系,促进区域可持续发展。人类是地球自然界的一部分,只有以全球整体利益为出发点处理环境与发展问题,才有较大的安全性和包容性。应当以尊重自然及其内在价值为基础来规范人类的实践活动,构建新时代的文明发展模式。环境伦理与可持续发展观在形成和社会功能上有密切的联系。要实施可持续发展战略,必须十分重视环境伦理的研究、教育和实践。实现人与自然和谐的可持续发展是政府和社会公众的共同责任。环境伦理在区域可持续发展中涉及的应用领域很广,要重视地球系统科学知识的宣传普及,提高公民和决策者的环境意识与可持续发展的伦理观念。
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| 关 键 词： | 人与自然关系 自然界价值 环境伦理 区域可持续发展 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-0585(2005)02-0161-08 |
| 收稿时间： | 2004-12-27 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004年12月27 |
Issues on environmental ethics in regional sustainable development |
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| ZHENG Du.Issues on environmental ethics in regional sustainable development[J].Geographical Research,2005,24(2):161-168. |
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| Authors: | ZHENG Du |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | The human race made great progress in science and technology and created unprecedented civilization in the 20th century. However, at the beginning of the new century, there are a number of challenges such as population, resources, environment and development etc. that have to be dealt with. Underlying all these challenges is the question of correctly understanding the relationship between humans and the environment and well coordinating the relationship between man and nature. The relationship between man and nature is reflected in man's dependence on and conscious activity in nature. Man cannot survive without nature, yet he is a force that can change nature. Man wants to change nature, but he is also restricted by nature. The relationship between man and nature is dependence, adaptation, conflict and harmony. The content of the relationship between man and nature changes as the human society changes. Man began to rethink his development pattern. The cruel reality requires that man should carefully examine the process of societal development, summarize the experience and lessons of traditional development patterns, seek new development patterns that reflect harmony between man and nature and responsibility to future generations. Strong anthropocentrism ignores the survival and development need of the ecological system and the long-term value of the ecological system to the human race. This approach over-emphasizes man's position and disregards natural objects, which runs into conflict with sustainable development and has been losing ground as a major paradigm. Biocen-trism weakens man's position and is too radical to be acceptable. Therefore it is necessary to build a system of environmental ethics fit for our times. The humans are a part of the natural world on the earth. Only when environmental protection starts from enhancing the overall interest of the earth can there be greater safety and tolerance. Human activities should be regulated by respect of natural laws and the intrinsic values of natural laws. And this is the basis of building the development pattern of civilization in the new time. Therefore, it is the duty of the scientific community to make publicity to and educate decision-makers and the general public on how to understand, respect and protect nature. Ecological and environmental impact should be taken into account in studying morality issues and in scientific research activities such as project evaluation and appraisal. Government regulation, market mechanism and moral regulation can work together. As to the conducts of enterprises and local governments, from a humanistic point of view, social price should be taken into consideration and as social interest is more important than corporate interest, we should not abuse non-renewable resources and should resist consumerism; from a naturalist point of view, we should carefully handle fragile environment, respect life, species and nature. Projects that utilize and change nature should be appraised and evaluated before hand. Government decision-makers may be influenced by scientists and attach importance to the opinions of scientists. Environmental ethics covers a wide area, including specific norms of conducts like birth control, resource conservation, ecological restoration, environmental improvement, clean production, reduction in pollution, appropriate development, rational consumption and protection of nature. We must pay attention to publicity and education to improve the citizen's awareness of environmental ethics. From the point of view of regional sustainable development more attention should be paid to environmental effects in regional resources utilization and exploitation as well as coordination and overall planning in development between various regions. |
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| Keywords: | relationship between man and nature value of nature environmental ethics regional sustainable development |
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