| 南沙群岛地名分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 朱海天.南沙群岛地名分析[J].地理研究,2018,37(11):2344-2354. |
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| 作者姓名： | 朱海天 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 国家卫星海洋应用中心,北京 1000812. 国家海洋局南海维权技术与应用重点实验室,广州 5103103. 国家海洋局空间海洋遥感与应用研究重点实验室,北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家海洋局南海维权技术与应用重点实验室开放基金（SCS-1610） |
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| 摘 要： | 依据多种历史资料,介绍南沙群岛地名的变迁过程,对中国“更路薄”中的渔民俗称以及中国政府于1935年、1947年和1983年三次公布的南沙岛礁地名进行统计,分析渔民俗称和标准地名对维护中国领土和主权完整的重要意义,梳理了各套地名系统中的专名体系和通名体系,对地名语源进行探讨,研究各地名系统之间的演进过程,总结了各自的优点与缺憾。针对现用标准地名提出以下建议：① 有计划地公布部分资料中已有记载岛礁的标准地名;② 对大型环礁细部、新生沙洲和新建大型人工岛进行命名以利于维护主权和保障航行安全;③ 对于现用标准地名中的部分外来语源地名可恢复其渔民俗称;④ 对于存疑岛礁应尽快核实确认以去疑存真。
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| 关 键 词： | 南沙群岛 地名 变迁过程 更路簿 岛礁命名 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-06-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018-09-05 |
Analysis of geographical names in the Nansha Islands |
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| Haitian ZHU.Analysis of geographical names in the Nansha Islands[J].Geographical Research,2018,37(11):2344-2354. |
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| Authors: | Haitian ZHU |
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| Institution: | 1. National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing 100081, China2. Key Laboratory of Technology for Safeguarding of Maritime Rights and Interests and Application, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510310, China3. Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Applications, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | Using historical materials, this study introduces the changing geographical names in the Nansha Islands. Four toponym systems are described in this study, including the folk place name toponym system, from the Gen Lu Bu, and three official toponym systems published by the Chinese Government in 1935, 1947, and 1983. Gen Lu Bu is a type of navigation book created by ancient fishermen from Hainan Island. Since the Ming Dynasty, the folk place names of the Nansha Islands have been recorded in the Gen Lu Bu, including more than 100 individual island, reef, bank, and shoal names in the islands. However, for European mariners in the late 18th and early 19th century, the South China Sea was an unknown area with hazards. Following the early 19th century, foreign hydrographic survey vessels circumnavigated the Nansha Islands, surveying and mapping. Lacking a careful consideration of existing Chinese names of the Nansha Islands, most islands were renamed by these newcomers. Without a geographical survey and native place name census, the first batch of official names of the Nansha Islands reviewed and approved by China's Committee for the Examination for the Land and Sea Maps in 1935 primarily adopted these foreign-source names. Japan illegally occupied and renamed the Nansha Islands during its war of aggression against China. With the return of the South China Sea Islands after the end of the Second World War, the majority of the first official names were modified and refined by the Chinese Ministry of Internal Affairs in 1947, and a dozen new island names were added. Based on research on the Gen Lu Bu, many folk place names were adopted in the third round of standardization of the Nansha Islands names, and 189 Nansha Islands standardized geographical names were officially published by the China Committee on Geographical Names in 1983. These toponym systems are extremely important to China's sovereignty over the Nansha Islands. Based on a statistical analysis of toponym systems, the characteristics of generic and specific names are presented in this study, and etymological interpretations are described. The development, advantages, and disadvantages of toponym systems are analyzed. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the toponym system currently in use and proposes some suggestions accordingly. First, some existing geographical names of islands should be published officially and systematically. Second, for state sovereignty and navigation safety, parts of the large atoll, new sand cays, and large artificial islands should be named. Third, the island names sourced from exotic words should be replaced with the folk place names from the Gen Lu Bu. Finally, modern hydrographic surveying should be used to verify ambiguous reefs and banks. |
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| Keywords: | the Nansha Islands toponym changing process Gen Lu Bu island naming |
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