| 东亚沙尘区域时空变化特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 包春玲,咏梅,金额尔德木吐,包玉龙,图布新巴雅尔,包玉海.东亚沙尘区域时空变化特征分析[J].地理研究,2021,40(11):3002-3015. |
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| 作者姓名： | 包春玲 咏梅 金额尔德木吐 包玉龙 图布新巴雅尔 包玉海 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院,呼和浩特 0100222.内蒙古自治区遥感与地理信息系统重点实验室,呼和浩特 010022 |
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| 基金项目： | 科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY101301-4);国家自然科学基金项目(41867070);国家自然科学基金项目(41861024) |
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| 摘 要： | 沙尘天气是东亚地区常见的灾害性天气之一,强沙尘天气的发生不仅导致建筑物倒塌、人畜伤亡、植被破坏,还会导致火灾、空气污染等环境问题,对人体健康、社会经济活动及其全球沙尘循环产生重要影响。然而从东亚地区沙尘天气在长时间序列区域特征角度上系统分析的研究较少。基于此,本文利用1981—2019年东亚地区697个地面气象站点沙尘数据,分析了其区域时空分布特征。结果表明：空间上,东亚沙尘天气集中在位于内陆干旱区的蒙古国和中国西北地区,其中弱沙尘天气集中在中国北方地区,而强沙尘天气则集中在蒙古国。月变化上,东亚沙尘天气集中在春季（3—5月份）,在相对低纬度的中国青藏高原北麓沙尘天气3月份最多,位于中纬度的中国北方大部分地区4月份最多,而较高纬度的哈萨克斯坦东部和蒙古国5月份最多。年际变化上,40a间东亚沙尘呈减少趋势,尤其是在2000年之后多项生态工程的有效实施下中国北方大部分区域沙尘天气显著减少,但近几年内蒙古中西部地区强沙尘天气呈增长趋势;在生态环境较脆弱的蒙古国和塔克拉玛干沙漠等区域弱沙尘天气和强沙尘天气均呈增长趋势。本研究对准确地掌握东亚沙尘分布特征和防范沙尘灾害具有重要意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 沙尘天气 区域特征 空间分布特征 时间变化特征 东亚 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-04-20 |
Regional spatial and temporal variation characteristics of dust in East Asia |
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| BAO Chunling,YONG Mei,JIN Eerdemutu,BAO Yulong,Tubuxin Bayaer,BAO Yuhai.Regional spatial and temporal variation characteristics of dust in East Asia[J].Geographical Research,2021,40(11):3002-3015. |
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| Authors: | BAO Chunling YONG Mei JIN Eerdemutu BAO Yulong Tubuxin Bayaer BAO Yuhai |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China2. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing & Geography Information System, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China |
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| Abstract: | Dusty weather is one of the most common disasters in East Asia. Severe dust storm can not only lead to building collapses, the destruction of vegetation, and human and animal casualties, but also cause fires, air pollution, and other environmental problems, which has a great impact on social and economic activities and the global dust cycle. In recent years, the severe dust storm in the study area has been increasing, which seriously threatens the ecological security and socio-economic development of China and its surrounding areas. In the spring of 2021, the strongest dust event seen in the past decade occurred in northern China, which attracted wide attention from the departments concerned. However, there is relatively little research on dusty weather in East Asia from the perspective of the regional characteristics of long time series. In this paper, using data from 697 meteorological stations that recorded dusty weather in East Asia for the period from 1981 to 2019, we examined the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of dust frequency in East Asian. The results indicate that (1) spatially, East Asian dust is concentrated in the inland arid area, such as Mongolia and Northwest China. The weak dust weather is frequent in three regions— Mongolia Gobi Desert, Taklimakan Desert, and Badan Jaran Desert; while severe dust storms are frequent in two regions—northwest Mongolia and Mongolia Gobi Desert. (2) Temporally, East Asian dusty weather is concentrated in spring (March to May). Dusty weather is most frequent in March in the north of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at lower latitudes, in April in most parts of northern China at middle latitudes, and in May in eastern Kazakhstan and Mongolia at higher latitudes. (3) In the past 40 years, the dusty weather in East Asia showed a decreasing trend, especially since the effective implementation of many ecological projects after 2000, the number of dusty weather events in most parts of northern China has decreased significantly, but in the central and western parts of Inner Mongolia severe dust storm showed an increasing rend in recent years. In areas with fragile ecological environment, such as Mongolia and Taklimakan Desert, both weak and severe dust storms showed an increasing trend. This study is of great significance for understanding characteristics of dust distribution and preventing dust disasters in East Asia. |
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| Keywords: | dusty weather regional characteristic spatial distribution characteristic temporal variation characteristic East Asia |
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