| 区际农业生态补偿:区域划分与补偿标准核算——基于虚拟耕地流动视角的考察 |
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| 引用本文： | 梁流涛,祝孔超.区际农业生态补偿:区域划分与补偿标准核算——基于虚拟耕地流动视角的考察[J].地理研究,2019,38(8):1932-1948. |
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| 作者姓名： | 梁流涛 祝孔超 |
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| 作者单位： | 河南大学黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室,开封475004;河南大学环境与规划学院,开封475004;兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州,730000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41771565);河南省高校科技创新人才（人文社科类）支持计划(2019-cx-014);河南省高校科技创新团队(16IRTSTHN012) |
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| 摘 要： | 从虚拟耕地流动的视角构建区际农业生态补偿框架,并在此框架下开展区际农业生态补偿支付/受偿区域划分和补偿标准测算的研究。结果表明：① 区际农业生态补偿的基本原理是：利用虚拟耕地净流量（输入量与输出量的差额）指标划分区际农业生态补偿的支付/受偿区域。对于净流量为负的分室,通过虚拟耕地流动占用了其他区域的耕地资源,应该支付相应的生态补偿。对于净流量为正的分室,通过虚拟耕地流动被其他区域占用了耕地资源,应得到生态补偿。区际农业生态补偿额度应包含对农业生态环境保护和改善的投资成本以及占用农业资源使其牺牲的发展机会成本等方面,并由管理平台统一收缴和分发。② 2004年以后虚拟耕地流动格局基本上保持稳定,只有个别省市（甘肃和云南）由净流入转变为净流出,在空间上表现为“北耕南流”的格局。③ 受偿区域（15个省市）主要分布在东北地区、华北地区和西北地区;支付区域（16个省市）主要分布在东部沿海地区和西南地区。④ 研究期内年均总受偿额度为1472.58亿元,处于高受偿省份（黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、河南）年均受偿额度都在150亿元以上。研究期内年均总支付额度为543.10亿元,其中,处于高支付区域的省份（浙江、广东、北京、福建）年均支付额度都在40亿元以上。
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| 关 键 词： | 虚拟耕地 生态补偿 区域划分 补偿标准 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-05-30 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018-07-28 |
Interregional agricultural eco-compensation based on virtual cultivated land flow: Regional division and compensation standard accounting |
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| LIANG Liutao,ZHU Kongchao.Interregional agricultural eco-compensation based on virtual cultivated land flow: Regional division and compensation standard accounting[J].Geographical Research,2019,38(8):1932-1948. |
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| Authors: | LIANG Liutao ZHU Kongchao |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China;2. Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China;3. College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China |
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| Abstract: | At present, the practice of agricultural eco-compensation in China is mainly concerned with the central vertical transfer payment to local governments, but the overall effect is not very good. Under the conditions of opening up the grain market, the flow of grain is also accompanied by the inter-regional flow of virtual cultivated land. The area where virtual cultivated land is transferred has paid too much economic, resource, and ecological costs. In order to ensure interregional fairness, it is necessary to provide eco-compensation for the virtual cultivated land flowing-out area based on the carrier of virtual cultivated land, which provides new ideas for the study of interregional agricultural eco-compensation. Therefore, this paper attempted to construct an interregional agricultural eco-compensation framework from the perspective of the flow of virtual cultivated land, and under this framework, studies were carried out on the inter-regional agricultural eco-compensation payment/compensation divisions and compensation standard measurement. The results indicate that: the basic principle of the interregional agricultural eco-compensation is to use the virtual cultivated land net flow (the difference between the input and output of virtual farmland) indicators to divide the payment/receipt area of the inter-regional eco-compensation. The sub-compartment with positive net flow should pay eco-compensation to the net outflow sub-compartment of the virtual cultivated land because the flow of virtual cultivated land occupied the land resources of other regions. A sub-compartment with negative net flow means that the sub-community's land resources are occupied by other areas through the virtual cultivated land flow and should receive eco-compensation. The amount of inter-regional agricultural eco-compensation should include the investment cost of agricultural eco-environmental protection and improvement, as well as the opportunity cost of occupying agricultural resources to be lost and uniformly collected and distributed by the management platform. After 2004, the flow of virtual cultivated land tended to be stable, which is represented by the pattern of "Shift of Farmland from South to North". The compensation area for the inter-regional agricultural eco-compensation includes 15 provincial-level areas, mainly in the northeast, north and northwest regions. The payment area includes 16 provincial-level areas, mainly in the eastern coastal areas and southwest regions. In terms of the amount of reimbursement, the average annual total value within the study period was 147.258 billion yuan, and the average annual quotas in highly compensated regions (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, and Henan) were all above 15 billion yuan. Regarding the amount of payments, the average annual value during the study period was 54.301 billion yuan, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Beijing, and Fujian in the high-paying regions had an average annual payment of more than 4 billion yuan, and Guangdong exceeded 15 billion yuan. |
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| Keywords: | virtual cultivated land eco-compensation regional division compensation standard |
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