| 地方城市的人口回流与移民战略——基于深圳-驻马店的调查研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘云刚,燕婷婷.地方城市的人口回流与移民战略——基于深圳-驻马店的调查研究[J].地理研究,2013,32(7):1280-1290. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘云刚 燕婷婷 |
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| 作者单位： | 中山大学地理科学与规划学院, 广东省城市化与地理环境空间模拟重点实验室, 广州 510275 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目,教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 改革开放30 多年来,沿海大都市和内陆地方城市之间的发展差距不断拉大,其中人口流动是重要动因。因此,如何吸引人口回流,留住本地人才,是内陆地方城市未来发展的关键。在此背景下,以驻马店为案例地,通过实地调研和问卷访谈,探讨了在深圳市的驻马店籍人口的回流意愿,以及当前驻马店的人口回流状况,并重点对回流创业者与回流购房者的回流动因、地域选择、就业动向及预期等进行了调查分析。研究表明,以驻马店为代表的地方城市已出现了以U-turn 与I-turn 为主的人口回流现象,且回流人口大都从事或打算从事与之前就业行业相关的创业活动。已发现有两种主动回流类型,即创业回流和购房回流。其中,购房回流也可看作是创业回流的前奏,二者可理解为同一回流过程的两个阶段。如果地方政府能够做出积极的政策引导,回流人口及其带动的返乡经济可望成为地方城市摆脱发展困境的一个新战略。
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| 关 键 词： | 地方城市 人口回流 创业经济 U-turn 驻马店 移民 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-06-23 |
| 修稿时间： | 2013-02-15 |
Types of the return migrations from mega-cities to local cities in China:A case study of Zhumadian's return migrants |
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| LIU Yungang,YAN Tingting.Types of the return migrations from mega-cities to local cities in China:A case study of Zhumadian's return migrants[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(7):1280-1290. |
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| Authors: | LIU Yungang YAN Tingting |
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| Institution: | School of Geography Sciences and Planning, and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China |
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| Abstract: | After three decades of reform and opening up, the socioeconomic gap between mega-cities in eastern coastal and inland cities has been largely expanded, especially as millions of migrant workers from local cities started to settle in large or coastal cities. Accordingly, how to attract return migrants and local talents becomes the key challenge to the development of local cities. Therefore, return migrants of Zhumadian were studied as the case through fieldwork survey and questionnaire interviews. The study includes three sections: firstly, in 2009 we distributed the questionnaire of "The return intention of Henan migrant workers in Shenzhen" together with Shenzhen Urban Planning and Design Institute to examine the aspiration of migrants to return to their hometowns. We made the survey across 16 sites in Shenzhen, such as Phoenix Industrial Zone, Fuyong Town, Foxcom Industrial Zone, Xili Town, Tea Light Village, Xili Town Jiuxiangling, Yantian and so on. In early 2010 we collected a total of 405 qualified questionnaires. In the sample, 79.5% of the respondents came from Zhumadian, whilst about 97% of them came from the city and its surrounding cities; Secondly, in 2010, we interviewed the government officials that engaged in the population and labor statistics of Zhumadian to examine the reasons of migration, the feature of return migrants, as well as related policies undertaken by the local governments. After that, we interviewed a total of 38 return entrepreneurs at Zhumadian to collect their information of employments, housing, job satisfactions, etc. Finally, in 2011, we interviewed nine salespersons of two typical real estate companies to collect the housing information of house-purchasing expatriates. Meanwhile, a total of 12 house-purchasing expatriates were interviewed by telephone calls. Against the context that the local city has developed an inertial development model and the local developments has been largely depended on "foreign capital" (wages mailing back from migrant workers and investors), a great deal of expatriates have been identified. It is found that high values are set on the social network of destination while low values are set on cultural infrastructure, government administrative efficiency and business environment of origin. Moreover, migrants prefer to return to their hometown to settle down. In details, there are two types of return migration, namely U-turn and I-turn. U-turn migration refers to those migrants who return to cities or towns of local prefecture, while I-turn migration means migrants return to rural areas. House-return-migration (HRM) and entrepreneur-return-migration (ERM) have been identified in these two types of return migration. Moreover, the relation between these two types of return migration has also been identified: HRM is an earlier phase of ERM in a single return course. As for ERM, parts of the return migrants are or will become entrepreneurs. The occupations they undertake at the hometown are positively related to their occupations in Shenzhen. Although the relationship with family and hometown attracts migrant returns, there are also high dissatisfactions or difficulties for entrepreneurs, such as infrastructure, sanitation and housing. Moreover, poor investment environment, such as fund, information, infrastructure and so on may also impair the return of migrants. As such, in order to attract return migration and develop local economy, the local governments of Zhumadian should make more efforts to improve the level of residential satisfactions for return migrants. |
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| Keywords: | local city return migrants entrepreneurial economy U-turn Zhumadian city |
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