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| 澜沧江上游德钦县亚高山、高山草地群落类型及其特点 | |
| 引用本文： | 包维楷,吴宁,和绍春,阿追,革玛江初,杨沛芳,忠永次里.澜沧江上游德钦县亚高山、高山草地群落类型及其特点[J].山地学报,2001,19(3):226-230. |
| 作者姓名： | 包维楷 吴宁 和绍春 阿追 革玛江初 杨沛芳 忠永次里 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院成都生物研究所, 2. 云南省白马雪山国家级自然保护区, 3. 云南省德钦县畜牧局, |
| 基金项目： | 国家基础规划发展项目(G199804803-04)、中国科学院"九五”重大项目(KZ951-A1-104)、国家知识创新工程西南基地项目共同资助. |
| 摘 要： | 摘要：采用样方调查方法获得94个草地群落样方,对澜沧江上游德钦县亚高山、高山草地群落类型及其特点进行了初步分析。结果表明,该县亚高山、高山草地群落类型存在20个类型。在放牧干扰下,大多数群落类型处于退化状态,相互之间存在明显的群落替代关系;调查发现群落中每平方米内平均含8种草本植物,平均盖度62．4％,地上平均生物量是4859kg／hm^2,平均可食率为61．5％;鸢尾群落、牛旁群落和小狼毒群落是草地严重退化后形成的典型有毒害群落类型;长期的高强度放牧虽然增加了群落类型多样性,但减少了群落内物种多样性。总体而言,长期的放牧干扰降低了德钦草地的生物多样性的质量及其生态服务功能,导致草地生态系统的非持续发展。 |
| 关 键 词： | 草地类型 群落特征 演替趋势 可食生产力 过度放牧 |
| 文章编号： | 1008-2786(2001)03-0226-05 |
| 修稿时间： | 2000年6月15日 |
Community Types and Their Features of Alpine and Subalpine Meadow on Deqin County of Southeastern Tibetan Plateau |
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| BAO Wei_kai ,WU Ning ,HE Shao_chun ,A Zhui ,GemaJiangchu ,YANG Pei_fang and ZhongyongCili.Community Types and Their Features of Alpine and Subalpine Meadow on Deqin County of Southeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Mountain Research,2001,19(3):226-230. | |
| Authors: | BAO Wei_kai WU Ning HE Shao_chun A Zhui GemaJiangchu YANG Pei_fang and ZhongyongCili |
| Institution: | BAO Wei_kai 1,WU Ning 1,HE Shao_chun 3,A Zhui 2,GemaJiangchu 3,YANG Pei_fang 3 and ZhongyongCili 3 |
| Abstract: | The study was conducted in Deqin County in the northeastern Yunnan Province in an effort to understand the present situation of the subalpine and alpine meadow. Community plot method was employed. 94 plots were investigated and their species composition, community coverage, and community structure were examined. The types and features of subalpine and alpine meadow were analyzed. The results displayed there are at least 20 community types of meadow existing in subalpine and alpine region of the Deqin County. Most types were on the way of degradation and obvious interactive substitution was found among those communities. Iris japonica community, Actium lappa community, and Stellera chamaejasme community were the most typical and poisonous types formed under the situation of meadow degradation seriously. There was average 8 species existing in one square meter and average coverage was 62.4%. The aboveground biomass was 4859 kg/hm 2 and average edible rate was 61.5%. An important finding is that the long_term high_intensity grazing increased community diversity but decreased species diversity in a community. Totally speaking the long term grazing regime existing lowered the value and ecological services of biodiversity in Deqin County, contributing to unsustainable development of alpine and subalpine meadow ecosystems. |
| Keywords: | alpine and sub_alpine meadow community type community characteristics successional trend overgrazing meadow degradation annual edible biomass |
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