| 红碱淖面积时空演变规律及保护措施成效 |
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| 引用本文： | 卓静,朱延年,王娟,何慧娟,邹继业.红碱淖面积时空演变规律及保护措施成效[J].中国沙漠,2019,39(4):195-203. |
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| 作者姓名： | 卓静 朱延年 王娟 何慧娟 邹继业 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 陕西省农业遥感与经济作物气象服务中心, 陕西 西安 710014;2. 陕西省气象科学研究所, 陕西 西安 710016 |
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| 基金项目： | 陕西省科技厅一般项目（2018SF-386）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（41575136）；陕西省科技厅重点项目（S2018-YF-ZDGY-0228） |
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| 摘 要： | 红碱淖是中国面积最大的沙漠淡水湖,也是全世界最大的遗鸥繁殖和栖息地,2012年被列为全国重点保护湖泊,保护工作对于当地的生态环境和重点保护鸟类繁衍都具有十分重要的意义。在遥感和观测数据的基础上,构建了1986-2018年高精度的长时间序列湖泊面积连续监测数据集,并在此基础上研究其时空演变规律以及与自然因素和人类活动的耦合关系,同时实现了针对2012年以来实施的保护措施的成效监测。结果表明:(1)1986-2018年红碱淖面积经历了波动期-萎缩期-增长期,总体呈现萎缩趋势。(2)红碱淖的萎缩原因以人为为主\,自然为辅。其中人为因素主要由上游河流建设水库、工业发展用水和植被生长所需用水增加组成。(3)从水量平衡的角度分析,湖泊萎缩期自然因素贡献率为18.26%,人为因素贡献率为81.74%。湖泊面积增长期气候因素贡献16.76%,人为因素贡献83.24%。(4)2012年以来实施的保护措施,已经初步取得成效。主要体现在通过人工增雨和上游水库地面生态补水促使红碱淖面积在2016年出现了2006年以来的首次正增长。建议人工增雨和地面生态补水常态化,来有效抑制红碱淖面积的萎缩,使湿地生态得到长期持续性恢复。
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| 关 键 词： | 红碱淖 时空演变 保护措施 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-03-18 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019-05-10 |
Spatio-temporal Change of Water Area in Hongjiannao Lake and the Effectiveness of Protection Measures |
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| Zhuo Jing,Zhu Yannian,Wang Juan,He Huijuan,Zou Jiye.Spatio-temporal Change of Water Area in Hongjiannao Lake and the Effectiveness of Protection Measures[J].Journal of Desert Research,2019,39(4):195-203. |
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| Authors: | Zhuo Jing Zhu Yannian Wang Juan He Huijuan Zou Jiye |
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| Institution: | 1. Shaanxi Meteorological Service Center of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Economic Crop, Xi'an 710014, China;2. Metrological Institute of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710016, China |
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| Abstract: | Hongjiannao Lake is the largest desert freshwater lake in China and the largest breeding and habitat of relict gulls in the world. In 2012, it was listed as a national key protected lake. Protection of Hongjiannao Lake contributes great significance to the local ecological environment and provides a good ecological environment for birds breeding. Based on remote sensing and observational data, this paper constructed a high-precision long-time continuous monitoring data set of water area from 1986 to 2018, and summarized spatio-temporal evolution combined natural factors and human activities. At the same time, this study showed significance of the protection process since 2012. The results show:The water protection activities implemented since 2012, which had achieved evident preliminary results. It is contributed by mainly artificial precipitation enhancement and increase water supply by upstream reservoirs, which caused the first increase in 2016 in the past decade. Based on the comprehensive analysis, it is recommended to keep the artificial precipitation enhancement and water supplement constantly to inhibit the shrinkage of the water area of Hongjiannao Lake, and to achieve long-term sustainable restoration of the wetland ecology. |
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| Keywords: | Hongjiannao Lake spatio-temporal evolution protection measures |
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