| 居民城市公共安全感知与社区环境——基于北京大规模调查问卷的分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 谌丽,许婧雪,张文忠,解扬洋,党云晓,湛东升.居民城市公共安全感知与社区环境——基于北京大规模调查问卷的分析[J].地理学报,2021,76(8):1939-1950. |
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| 作者姓名： | 谌丽 许婧雪 张文忠 解扬洋 党云晓 湛东升 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京联合大学应用文理学院,北京100191;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101;中国科学院大学,北京100049;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101;浙江财经大学土地与城乡发展研究院,杭州310018;浙江工业大学管理学院,杭州310023 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(42071215);国家自然科学基金项目(41871170);北京市属高校高水平教师队伍建设支持计划项目(CIT& TCD201904075);北京市属高校高水平教师队伍建设支持计划项目(CIT&TCD20180326) |
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| 摘 要： | 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的爆发使得民众对公共安全问题的关注到了前所未有的程度,社区作为社会治理基本单元,在防疫减灾中所发挥的作用尤为突出。本文基于北京2019年城市体检问卷调查数据,采用多层线性模型检验个体属性及社区环境指标对公共安全感知的影响。研究发现,公共安全感知的差异主要来自个体属性的不同,老年人及健康状况一般或较差的群体,以及低收入、低学历、待业人群的安全感相对较低;安全感的社区差异显著,人口稠密、公交线路密集的社区居民安全感较低,道路交叉口较多的社区安全感较高;社区离Ⅰ型应急避难设施和医院的距离越近,居民安全感越高,但中小型设施影响不显著;良好的社区社会环境对居民安全感具有非常明显的正向影响,但租户很难从物业管理水平的提高中获益。据此本文提出了建设安全韧性社区的若干建议。
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| 关 键 词： | 城市公共安全 社区环境 安全感知 多层模型 北京 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-02-17 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021-01-30 |
Residents' sense of urban public security and community environment:Analysis based on a large-scale questionnaire survey of Beijing |
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| CHEN Li,XU Jingxue,ZHANG Wenzhong,XIE Yangyang,DANG Yunxiao,ZHAN Dongsheng.Residents' sense of urban public security and community environment:Analysis based on a large-scale questionnaire survey of Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2021,76(8):1939-1950. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Li XU Jingxue ZHANG Wenzhong XIE Yangyang DANG Yunxiao ZHAN Dongsheng |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China2. Key Laboratory of Region Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China4. Institute of Land and Urban-rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China5. School of Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China |
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| Abstract: | The novel coronavirus epidemic has led to an unprecedented concern regarding public security. Communities, as the basic units of social governance, play a prominent role during this period. However, little is known about the relationship between residents' sense of public security and their community environment in the existing geography and planning literature. To fill this gap in the research, this paper builds a theoretical framework to identify personal and community-level factors that influence the sense of public security. Based on a large-scale survey conducted in Beijing in 2019, we use multilevel linear models to analyze how and to what extent personal and community features impact this sense. The results show that (1) most of the personal attributes have significant effects on the sense of public security. Those who are older or less healthy are more likely to report a lower sense of security, and residents with lower incomes or education levels are also liable to suffer from insecurity. Stable employment has a positive effect on people's sense of security, and unemployed people report the lowest sense of security compared to others. Migrants feel safer than local residents, the main reason is that they compared their current city with their hometown and found Beijing to be much safer. (2) There is significant difference in residents' sense of public security across communities. The model results suggest that a built environment with a denser population and a bus route has a negative effect on the sense of security, while open space with more road crossings can improve residents' safety perception. Additionally, residents will feel more secure if their community gets closer to type I emergency shelters and hospitals. However, the influences of small- and medium-sized facilities are not significant, such as type II/III emergency shelters and community healthcare centers. (3) The social environment of the community plays a more important role in promoting residents' sense of public security than the built environment. However, it is found that renters can hardly benefit from the improvement of property management. Based on these findings, the paper provides some suggestions for improving the community's safety and resilience. |
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| Keywords: | urban public security community environment sense of security multilevel model Beijing |
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