| 基于倾向得分匹配方法的中国自然保护区缓解人类活动压力评估 |
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| 引用本文： | 张涵,黎夏,石洪,刘晓娟.基于倾向得分匹配方法的中国自然保护区缓解人类活动压力评估[J].地理学报,2021,76(3):680-693. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张涵 黎夏 石洪 刘晓娟 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中山大学地理科学与规划学院 广东省城市化与地理环境空间模拟重点实验室,广州 5102752.华东师范大学地理科学学院 地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海 200241 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41531176);国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0604402)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 科学地评估自然保护区缓解人类活动压力的效果,对于有效的自然保护至关重要。目前中国国家尺度下的这方面研究,仅将保护区内、外的人类活动压力进行对比,其缺陷是样本选择性偏差会导致评估结果的不合理。本文选择了倾向得分匹配（Propensity Score Matching）方法来克服保护区评价中的样本选择性偏差问题。首先耦合多源数据构建了2013年、2015年、2017年的人类活动压力指数,然后采用倾向得分匹配方法对自然保护区内、外的随机点进行匹配,使两个对比组的观测变量尽可能相似。最后通过相对有效性指标和面板模型从不同层面评估了中国680个自然保护区在2013—2017年间缓解人类活动压力的效果。研究结果表明：① 2013—2017年,全国86.72%的自然保护区内人类活动压力指数呈现上升趋势,其面积占保护区总面积的43.80%。② 69.85%的自然保护区在缓解人类活动压力方面的效果较好。其中,除了海洋海岸、野生植物、野生动物类的保护区以外,其余保护区类型都表现出较好的缓解人类活动压力的效果,且保护区级别越高,保护效果越好。③ 中国自然保护区建设在2013—2017年间能缓解22.90%的人类活动压力,且保护区缓解人类活动压力的能力存在区域性差别。本文研究结果可为中国自然保护区监测、评估和管理提供更科学的参考依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 自然保护区 人类活动压力 倾向得分匹配 有效性评估 面板模型 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-03-22 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-12-20 |
An assessment of the effectiveness of China's nature reserves for mitigating anthropogenic pressures based on propensity score matching |
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| ZHANG Han,LI Xia,SHI Hong,LIU Xiaojuan.An assessment of the effectiveness of China's nature reserves for mitigating anthropogenic pressures based on propensity score matching[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2021,76(3):680-693. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Han LI Xia SHI Hong LIU Xiaojuan |
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| Institution: | 1. Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China2. Key Lab of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China |
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| Abstract: | Assessing the effectiveness of nature reserves for mitigating anthropogenic pressures is essential for effective nature protection. The current research at national scale in China only compares anthropogenic pressures inside nature reserves to that outside, but fails to solve the problem of sample selection deviation, which will lead to bias in assessment results. In order to solve this problem, we adopted propensity score matching method to improve the accuracy of the results in the evaluation of nature reserves. The multi-source data were firstly integrated to build Anthropogenic Pressure Index in 2013, 2015, and 2017, then the propensity score matching method was applied to match the random points inside and outside the nature reserves, to make sure that the observed variables of the two comparison groups were as similar as possible. Finally, we used relative effectiveness indicator and panel model to assess the effectiveness of 680 nature reserves in China for mitigating anthropogenic pressures from 2013 to 2017 at different levels. The results show that:(1) From 2013 to 2017, 86.72% of China’s nature reserves experienced a positive trend of anthropogenic pressures, which accounted for43.80% of the total area.(2) Some 69.85% of nature reserves performed well in mitigating anthropogenic pressures. Except for marine coasts, wild plants, and wild animals, the types of nature reserves were under sound protection, and the higher the level of nature reserves, the better the protection effectiveness.(3) From 2013 to 2017, anthropogenic pressures were mitigated by 22.90% by the construction of China’s nature reserves, and there were regional differences regarding the degree of mitigation. The results can provide a more scientific reference for future monitoring, assessment and management of nature reserves in China. |
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| Keywords: | nature reserves anthropogenic pressures propensity score matching effectiveness evaluation panel model |
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