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| 中国化肥利用率的区域分异 | |
| 引用本文： | 陈同斌,曾希柏,胡清秀.中国化肥利用率的区域分异[J].地理学报,2002,57(5):531-538. |
| 作者姓名： | 陈同斌 曾希柏 胡清秀 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复室,北京,100101 2. 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,北京,100081 3. 中国农业科学院农业自然资源和农业区划研究所,北京,100081 |
| 基金项目： | 国家“九五”攻关项目（96-013-01-04） |
| 摘 要： | 据全国各县近10年的化肥施用量和粮食产量数据，并从不同年份单位播种面积粮食产量和肥料施用量的变化，求出相应不施肥产量和通过施肥可能达到的最高产量，并以上述结果为基础计算出该地区化肥利用率，研究结果表明：当前我国化肥施用的地区差异明显，施用量较集中范围是180－270kg/hm^2和90－180kg/hm^2，部分地区的化肥施用已经过量；单位化肥的粮食产出率主要集中在10－30kg/kg，化肥利用率大多集中在15％－35％，且与化肥施用量有关，按地区统计，高施肥量区化肥施用明显过量，平均达339kg/hm^2，是全国平均用量（262kg/hm^2)的1．29倍，中施肥量区单位面积化肥平均施用量为252kg/hm^2，略低于全国平均水平，低施肥量区则仅为178kg/hm^2，是全国平均的67．8％，我国单位化肥的生产效率及化肥利用率均以低施肥量区最高，分别为17．5kg/kg和39．8％，中施肥量区为13．7和36。 |
| 关 键 词： | 中国 化肥 利用率 GIS 区域差异 地理信息系统 农业 可持续发展 |
| 收稿时间： | 2001-12-16 |
| 修稿时间： | 2001年12月16 |
Utilization Efficiency of Chemical Fertilizers among Different Counties of China |
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| CHEN Tongbin,ZENG Xibo,HU Qingxiu.Utilization Efficiency of Chemical Fertilizers among Different Counties of China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2002,57(5):531-538. | |
| Authors: | CHEN Tongbin ZENG Xibo HU Qingxiu |
| Institution: | 1. Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; 2. Inst. of Soil and Fertilizer, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 3. Inst. of Agri-natural Resources & Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China |
| Abstract: | According to the grain yield response to fertilizers, China's fertilizer application rate can be classified into 3 typical regions: (1) the maximum fertilizer input region including 11 Eastern provinces (ER region); (2) the middle fertilizer input region covering mainly 10 Middle provinces (including Xinjiang and Gansu) (MR region); and (3) the low fertilizer input region consisting of 9 Western provinces (WR region). The average fertilizer application rate per ha cultivated land (sowing area) in 674 counties of ER region was 329 kg/ha, the average rate in the 973 counties of MR region was 231 kg/ha and that in the 709 counties of WR region was 231 kg/ha (Fig.1). The maximum application rate in some counties of China was found to be as high as 2,241 kg/ha which was nearly 10 folds of the average of whole China, i.e., 238 kg/ha. According to the response of grain yield to fertilizers, there were 11.9% excessive-fertilized counties which should reduce their fertilizer application rate and 14.6% counties which were not necessary to increase fertilizer application rate in China. |
| Keywords: | chemical fertilizer fertilizer utilization efficiency (FUE) consumption grain production regional difference China |
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