| 周庄古镇创造性破坏与地方身份转化 |
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| 引用本文： | 姜辽,苏勤.周庄古镇创造性破坏与地方身份转化[J].地理学报,2013,68(8):1131-1142. |
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| 作者姓名： | 姜辽 苏勤 |
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| 作者单位： | 安徽师范大学国土资源与旅游学院, 芜湖 241000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41071099);National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41071099 |
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| 摘 要： | 地方身份通过内外部政治经济力量交互作用,成为当地社会关系的历史纹理,是利益相关者意识形态的反映。以周庄为案例地,借助创造性破坏模型深入分析古镇地方身份转化。研究发现：周庄满足该模型的3 个主要变量。与西方企业家主导模式不同,中国政府对旅游的推动作用是强大的,不仅履行决策制定者和投资者的职能,而且为象征资本的创造、社会资本的延伸和文化资本的维护做出贡献;伴随着游客数量的增加和动机的多样化,商业化景观迅速蔓延,不断冲击古镇遗产景观身份;居民对旅游发展的态度经历了积极—消极—积极的回归过程。从文化霸权与表征、游客凝视、人口置换与社会身份复杂性等角度对周庄古镇地方身份转化进行理论解释,认为地方身份是利益相关者之间相互"谈判"和妥协的产物,表征主流意识形态;为适应游客凝视,利益相关者以东拼西凑的形式改造古镇地方身份;人口置换的结果增加了"新周庄人"社会身份的复杂性,由此带来社会关系破碎、社会认同下降、地方感丧失等问题,导致周庄地方身份转化。
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| 关 键 词： | 地方身份 古镇 周庄 转化 创造性破坏 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013-01-08 |
| 修稿时间： | 2013-06-19 |
Creative destruction and transformation of place-based identity in ancient town of Zhouzhuang |
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| JIANG Liao;SU Qin.Creative destruction and transformation of place-based identity in ancient town of Zhouzhuang[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(8):1131-1142. |
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| Authors: | JIANG Liao;SU Qin |
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| Institution: | College of Territorial Resources and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China |
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| Abstract: | Place-based identity is constituted by the interactions between the extra-local forces of political economy and the historical layers of local social relations. This paper analyzes the transformation of place-based identity of Zhouzhuang by a creative destruction model. Results show that Zhouzhuang meets the three main variables of this model. Unlike western model dominated by entrepreneurs, Chinese government is powerful in promoting tourism, not only as decision makers and investors, but also for creation of symbol capital, extension of social capital and maintenance of cultural capital. Accompanied by an increase in the number of visitors and diversification of motivation, commercial landscape spreads rapidly, all these hit heritage landscape identity constantly. People's attitude towards tourism development has experienced a regression process of positive- negative- positive. Finally, this paper explains transformation of place-based identity of Zhouzhuang from the angles of cultural hegemony and representation, tourist gaze, the replacement and social identity complexity. Place-based identity is the product of negotiation and compromise between stakeholders, and representation of mainstream ideology. Sakeholders recreate place-based identity discursively in order to meet the tourist gaze. The results of replacement increase complexity of social identity, and it brings some problems such as fragmentation of social relationships, decline of social identity and loss of place sense, which lead to transformation of place-based identity of Zhouzhuang. |
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| Keywords: | creative destruction ancient town Zhouzhuang place-based identity transformation |
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