| 近20年天山地区冰湖变化特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 王欣,吴坤鹏,蒋亮虹,刘时银,丁永建,蒋宗立,郭万钦.近20年天山地区冰湖变化特征[J].地理学报,2013,68(7):983-993. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王欣 吴坤鹏 蒋亮虹 刘时银 丁永建 蒋宗立 郭万钦 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 湖南科技大学地理系, 湖南湘潭 411201;
2. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 兰州 730000 |
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| 基金项目： | 科技部国际合作项目(2010DFA92720-23);国家自然科学基金项目(41271091;41271095);国家自然科学基金重大项目(41190084)资助~~ |
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| 摘 要： | 主要基于Landsat TM/ETM+影像等数据,分析1990-2010 年来天山地区冰湖变化特征及其对冰川融水径流的影响。近20 年来,天山冰湖面积平均以0.689 km2a-1 或0.8% a-1的速度扩张,其中一半以上是由东天山(0.352 km2 a-1) 贡献的,其次为北天山,面积年均增率为0.165km2 a-1,西天山和中央天山的面积年均增率最小,分别为0.089 km2 a-1和0.083 km2 a-1。除在相对较低海拔(< 2900 m) 和高海拔(> 4100 m) 范围内冰湖面积出现减少的现象,其他各高度带的冰湖面积均在扩张,其中增率最快的在3500~3900 m之间,平均增速达1.6% a-1。冰湖扩张是本区气候变暖和冰川普遍退缩共同作用的结果,以中小规模的冰湖(< 0.6 km2) 对冰川退缩响应最为敏感。冰湖扩张能在一定程度上延缓因气候变暖而导致的区域冰川水资源的亏损,每年大约有0.006 Gt 的冰川融水滞留在冰湖中,约占天山冰川年消融量的2‰,但也将加剧本区冰湖溃决洪水/泥石流灾害的频次和强度。
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| 关 键 词： | 天山 变化 冰湖 遥感 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013-03-15 |
| 修稿时间： | 2013-04-16 |
Wide expansion of glacial lakes in Tianshan Mountains during 1990-2010 |
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| WANG Xin,WU Kunpeng,JIANG Lianghong,LIU Shiyin,DING Yongjian,JIANG Zongli,GUO Wanqin.Wide expansion of glacial lakes in Tianshan Mountains during 1990-2010[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(7):983-993. |
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| Authors: | WANG Xin WU Kunpeng JIANG Lianghong LIU Shiyin DING Yongjian JIANG Zongli GUO Wanqin |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geography, Hunan University of Science & Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China;
2. Sate Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China |
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| Abstract: | The variations and impacts of glacial lakes on glacier melting runoff in the Tianshan Mountains from 1990 to 2010 were assessed on the basis of Landsat TM/ETM images. In the 20 years, glacial lakes in the Tianshan Mountains expanded at a rate of 0.689 km2 a-1 or 0.8% a-1. The glacial lakes in the eastern Tianshan Mountains contributed over half of area expansion at a rate of 0.352 km2 a-1, followed by northern Tianshan Mountains (0.165 km2 a-1), with rates of 0.089 km2 a-1 and 0.083 km2 a-1 in western and central Tianshan respectively. The lake area increased in most of 100-elevation bands except altitudes of <2900 m and >4100 m. The fastest growth bands were observed between 3500 m and 3900 m with an average rate of 1.6% a-1. Both regional warming and wide glacier wastage led to glacial lake expansion, while small and medium-sized (<0.6 km2) lakes were most sensitive to glacier retreat. To some degree, evident glacial lake expansion can slow down regional glacier melting water losses due to climate warming and ~0.006 Gt glacier melting water (or ~2‰ of total glacier melting water) was held in glacial lakes each year in the Tianshan Mountains from 1990 to 2010; however, it may simultaneously increase frequency and damages of the glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) or debris flows in this region. |
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| Keywords: | Tianshan Mountains remote sensing changes glacial lake |
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