| 2001—2018年印度尼西亚MODIS活跃火的发生特征与响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘佳,梁一行,李鹏,肖池伟.2001—2018年印度尼西亚MODIS活跃火的发生特征与响应[J].地理学报,2020,75(9):1907-1920. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘佳 梁一行 李鹏 肖池伟 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 1001012. 中国科学院大学,北京 1000493. 长安大学地球科学与资源学院,西安 710000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41971242);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所“秉维”优秀青年人才计划(2018RC201);中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M660777);中国科学院青年创新促进会会员人才专项(CAS2020055) |
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| 摘 要： | 基于印度尼西亚2001—2018年FIRMS MODIS活跃火（Active Fire）位置数据,通过GIS渔网（1 km×1 km）定量分析了该国活跃火的发生概率、强度及其对厄尔尼诺的响应。结果表明：① 印度尼西亚18年间至少发生过一次活跃火的区域（即“有火区”）占22.79%,五大岛屿“有火区”以加里曼丹岛最多,巴布亚岛最少。活跃火发生以低概率为主,集中在8—10月,加里曼丹岛和苏门答腊岛分布最多;中概率分布较少,苏门答腊岛东部低地平原和加里曼丹岛南部及西南沿岸最为集中;高概率零星分布,大部分集中在爪哇岛和苏拉威西岛。② 活跃火的发生强度以1级（1次/a）和2级（2~3次/a）为主,3级（4~7次/a）次之。1~5级（1~22次/a）活跃火主要集中在加里曼丹岛和苏门答腊岛,6级（23~165次/a）活跃火集中在爪哇岛、苏门答腊岛和苏拉威西岛,且强度从中心向四周递减。此外,不同概率组内活跃火的发生强度也不同,低、中、高概率活跃火分别以1次/a、1~3次/a、2~7次/a为主。③ 印度尼西亚8—10月活跃火对强、弱厄尔尼诺的敏感度不同,其响应表现在活跃火频次与影响面积显著增加,厄尔尼诺越强,活跃火响应程度越高。其中,苏门答腊岛响应程度最高,巴布亚岛最低。
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| 关 键 词： | 活跃火 发生频次 概率—强度 厄尔尼诺 渔网分析 印度尼西亚 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-10-23 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-06-27 |
Occurrence characteristics and response to El Niño of MODIS-based active fires in Indonesia during 2001-2018 |
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| LIU Jia,LIANG Yihang,LI Peng,XIAO Chiwei.Occurrence characteristics and response to El Niño of MODIS-based active fires in Indonesia during 2001-2018[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2020,75(9):1907-1920. |
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| Authors: | LIU Jia LIANG Yihang LI Peng XIAO Chiwei |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China3. School of Earth Science and Resource, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710000, China |
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| Abstract: | The occurrence and development of global active fires under the background of global warming is an important research content. Based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) C6 active fire point vector data (2001-2018) of Indonesia provided by the Fire Information Resource Management System (FIRMS) of the USA, the occurrence probability, intensity and response to the El Niño of Indonesian active fires were quantified and analyzed using the GIS-based fishnet method at a 1 km×1 km grid system, in order to reveal the spatio-temporal variations of active fire occurrence frequency in Indonesia during 2001-2018. The results showed that: (1) A total area of 22.79% was affected by active fire at least once in the past 18 years, which is called as "fire-affected area", while the rest was not impacted by fire according to the MODIS observations. The proportions of "fire-affected area" in the five major islands in a descending order were 32.93% for Kalimantan, 31.44% for Sumatra, 17.16% for Sulawesi, 9.50% for Java and 7.58% for Papua, respectively. The occurrence of active fire was dominated by low probability (1/18-6/18), typically between August and October, and widely distributed in various islands, which was primarily seen in Kalimantan and Sumatra. The number of grids in a medium probability (7/18-12/18) was small but intensively distributed, especially in the eastern lowland plains of Sumatra and the southern and southwestern coasts of Kalimantan. The girds of high probability were sporadically distributed in Indonesian islands, mostly concentrated in Java and Sulawesi. (2) The intensity of active fire was dominated by level-one (once per year) and level-two (2-3 times/year), followed by level-three (4-7 times/year). The active fires of level-one to level-five (1-22 times/year) were widely distributed in various islands, and primarily seen in Kalimantan and Sumatra, while the active fires (23-165 times/year) of level-six were concentrated in Java, Sumatra and Sulawesi. It is worth noting that the distribution of grids with different intensities diminished from the center to the periphery. In addition, the intensities of active fires in different probability groups were different. The low-probability of active fire was mainly 1 time/year, followed by 1-3 and 2-7 times/year for the medium and high probability, respectively. In particular, the intensity of level-six active fire only was observed in high probability grids. (3) Indonesia's active fires between August and October had different sensitivities to strong and weak El Niño, showing increased frequency and area of active fires. The stronger an El Niño event is, the higher the response of active fire will be. The islands in a descending order of sensitivity to active fire were Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Java and Papua. |
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| Keywords: | active fires occurrence frequency probability-intensity El Niño fishnet analysis Indonesia |
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