Waveform-based point cloud classification in land-cover identification |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Ve?na pot 83, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;2. Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, A?ker?eva cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;1. Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, South Korea;2. Institute of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, South Korea;3. Ocean Climate and Ecology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | Full-waveform topographic LiDAR data provide more detailed information about objects along the path of a laser pulse than discrete-return (echo) topographic LiDAR data. Full-waveform topographic LiDAR data consist of a succession of cross-section profiles of landscapes and each waveform can be decomposed into a sum of echoes. The echo number reveals critical information in classifying land cover types. Most land covers contain one echo, whereas topographic LiDAR data in trees and roof edges contained multi-echo waveform features. To identify land-cover types, waveform-based classifier was integrated single-echo and multi-echo classifiers for point cloud classification.The experimental area was the Namasha district of Southern Taiwan, and the land-cover objects were categorized as roads, trees (canopy), grass (grass and crop), bare (bare ground), and buildings (buildings and roof edges). Waveform features were analyzed with respect to the single- and multi-echo laser-path samples, and the critical waveform features were selected according to the Bhattacharyya distance. Next, waveform-based classifiers were performed using support vector machine (SVM) with the local, spatial features of waveform topographic LiDAR information, and optical image information. Results showed that by using fused waveform and optical information, the waveform-based classifiers achieved the highest overall accuracy in identifying land-cover point clouds among the models, especially when compared to an echo-based classifier. |
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| Keywords: | Airborne LiDAR Full-waveform topographic LiDAR Waveform feature Optical image Point cloud classification Waveform-based classifiers |
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