| Recent Changes Occurred in the Terminus of the Debris-covered Bilafond Glacier in the Karakoram Himalayas Using Remotely Sensed Images and Digital Elevation Models (1978-2011) |
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| 作者姓名： | Bijeesh KOZHIKKODAN VEETTIL Ulisses FRANZ BREMER Atilio EFRAIN BICA GRONDONA Sergio FLORENCIO DE SOUZA |
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| 作者单位： | [1]Centre for Research in Remote Sensing and Meteorology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul （UFRGS）, Campus do Vale, Av. Bento Gon？alves, 9500, CEP： 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil [2]Department of Geography, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul （UFRGS）, Campus do Vale, Av. Bento Gon？alves, 9500, CEP： 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil [3]Department of Geodesy, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul （UFRGS）, Campus do Vale, Av. Bento Gon？alves, 9500, CEP： 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
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| 基金项目： | We would like to acknowledge Rio Grande do Sul State Foundation for Research （FAPERGS）, Brazil for financial support and Mr. Ramji Gowtham, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom for providing access to valuable research journals. |
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| 摘 要： | Recent changes occurred in terminus of the debris-covered Bilafond Glacier in the Karakoram Range in the Himalayas, Northern Pakistan was investigated in this research. Landsat MSS, TM and ETM＋ images were used for this study. Digital elevation models derived from ASTER GDEM and SRTM were also utilized. Visible, infrared and thermal infrared channels were utilized in order to get accurate glacier change maps. Three methods were tried to map this debris-covered glacier in this research. The glacier has been mapped successfully and the changes in the glacier terminus from 1978 to 2011 have been calculated. Manual, semi-automatic and thermal methods were found to give similar results. It was found that the glacier has undergone serious ablation during this period despite of the fact that many of the larger glaciers in the Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountain regions in the Upper Indus Basin were reported to be expanding. The terminus has been moved back about 600 meters during this period and there was an abrupt change in the glacier terminus during 1990-2002. We propose that debris thickness is not the only factor that influences the glacier ablation but the altitude of the debris-covered glacier as well. Many glaciers in the Karakoram region reported to be expanding were having higher altitudes compared to the study area.
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| 关 键 词： | 数字高程模型 喜马拉雅山脉 冰川变化 喀喇昆仑 覆盖 遥感影像 ETM图像 热红外通道 |
Recent changes occurred in the terminus of the Debriscovered Bilafond Glacier in the Karakoram Himalayas using remotely sensed images and digital elevation models (1978–2011) |
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| Bijeesh KOZHIKKODAN VEETTIL,Ulisses FRANZ BREMER,Atilio EFRAIN BICA GRONDONA,Sergio FLORENCIO DE SOUZA.Recent Changes Occurred in the Terminus of the Debris-covered Bilafond Glacier in the Karakoram Himalayas Using Remotely Sensed Images and Digital Elevation Models (1978-2011)[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2014,11(2):398-406. |
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| Authors: | Bijeesh Kozhikkodan Veettil Ulisses Franz Bremer Atilio Efrain Bica Grondona Sergio Florencio De Souza |
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| Abstract: | Recent changes occurred in terminus of the debris-covered Bilafond Glacier in the Karakoram Range in the Himalayas, Northern Pakistan was investigated in this research. Landsat MSS, TM and ETM+ images were used for this study. Digital elevation models derived from ASTER GDEM and SRTM were also utilized. Visible, infrared and thermal infrared channels were utilized in order to get accurate glacier change maps. Three methods were tried to map this debris-covered glacier in this research. The glacier has been mapped successfully and the changes in the glacier terminus from 1978 to 2011 have been calculated. Manual, semi-automatic and thermal methods were found to give similar results. It was found that the glacier has undergone serious ablation during this period despite of the fact that many of the larger glaciers in the Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountain regions in the Upper Indus Basin were reported to be expanding. The terminus has been moved back about 600 meters during this period and there was an abrupt change in the glacier terminus during 1990–2002. We propose that debris thickness is not the only factor that influences the glacier ablation but the altitude of the debris-covered glacier as well. Many glaciers in the Karakoram region reported to be expanding were having higher altitudes compared to the study area. |
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| Keywords: | Bilafond Glacier Debris-covered glaciers Karakoram Himalayas Thermal mapping Glacier ablation Siachen Glacier |
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