| 乌江上游地区森林生态系统水源涵养功能评估及其空间差异探究 |
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| 引用本文： | 唐玉芝,邵全琴.乌江上游地区森林生态系统水源涵养功能评估及其空间差异探究[J].地球信息科学,2016,18(7):987-999. |
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| 作者姓名： | 唐玉芝 邵全琴 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 1001012. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划课题“国家生态系统观测评估技术系统集成研究与示范”(2013BAC03B00) |
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| 摘 要： | 乌江流域是西南地区重要经济中心的生态和安全屏障,其上游地区长年面临水土流失和土地石漠化等问题,严重影响到当地和长江沿岸人民的生产生活。本文基于贵州省毕节地区2010年森林二类调查小班数据,运用综合能力蓄水法对乌江上游地区森林生态系统水源涵养量进行估算,分析了水源涵养能力的空间分异特征,并使用线性回归和相关分析法对森林水源涵养能力与林地海拔、坡度和土地退化类型之间的关系进行了深入探讨。结果表明：（1）2010年,研究区森林生态系统的水源涵养总量为563.05106 m3,单位面积水源涵养量达774.73 t/hm2,水源涵养能力分布表现为东部地区自东北向西南逐渐减弱、西部地区强弱相间的碎片化分布特征;（2）随着林地海拔的升高,森林单位面积水源涵养量表现出显著的下降趋势,海拔平均每上升1000 m,单位水源涵养量相应减少90.56 t/hm2左右;（3）森林水源涵养能力与坡度呈显著的负相关,坡度平均每增加1°,单位水源涵养量相应减少2.44 t/hm2;（4）土地退化对森林水源涵养功能的影响较大,退化土地的森林水源涵养能力较非退化土地平均下降23.50%。正确认识森林生态系统的水源涵养功能及其空间差异,对了解当地森林生态系统现状,以及制订实施更有针对性、更高效的水资源可持续利用和生态环境恢复及建设等相关政策具有重要意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 水源涵养 乌江上游 森林生态系统 立地条件 土地退化 综合蓄水能力法 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-09-21 |
Water Conservation Capacity of Forest Ecosystem and Its Spatial Variation in the Upper Reaches of Wujiang River |
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| TANG Yuzhi,SHAO Quanqin.Water Conservation Capacity of Forest Ecosystem and Its Spatial Variation in the Upper Reaches of Wujiang River[J].Geo-information Science,2016,18(7):987-999. |
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| Authors: | TANG Yuzhi SHAO Quanqin |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | As the longest tributary on the right bank of upper Yangtze River, while also occupying the largest basin area in Guizhou Province, Wujiang River is of great importance to the economic and ecological environment in Yangtze Basin and Southwest China. However, the upper reaches of Wujiang River are suffering from long-term soil erosion and land degradation, which has threatened the local safety and development. This paper, based on the forest resource inventory data of Bijie prefecture in Guizhou Province in 2010, aims to estimate the water conservation of forest ecosystem in the upper reaches of Wujiang River and to analyze its spatial variation. The relationship between the unit water conversation of forest ecosystem, which is regarded as the Forest Water Conservation Capacity (FWCC) in this paper, and elevation, slope and land degradation types was deeply explored. The integrated storage capacity method and the linear regression was employed. The results show that: (1) In 2010, the water conservation of forest ecosystem in the study area was 563.05 million cubic meters in total, yielding a water conservation of 774.73 t/hm2 per unit area. FWCC presented a pattern of gradually decreasing from northeast to southwest in the east region, and an uneven pattern in the west region. (2) A significant negative correlation was found between FWCC and elevation, that FWCC decreased by 90.56 t/hm2 with every 1 km increase in elevation. (3) FWCC significantly decreased by 2.44 t/hm2 with every 1 degree increase in slope. (4) Land degradation showed a strong negative effect to FWCC, and the FWCC of degraded land dropped by 23.50% on average compared with the non-degraded land. A better understanding of the water conservation function and its spatial variation of forest ecosystem would be helpful to learn the status of local forest ecosystem, and to formulate and implement the sustainable utilization of water resources, as well as the restoration and construction of ecological environment, under the guidance of more targeted and efficient policies. |
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| Keywords: | water conservation Wujiang River basin forest ecosystem site condition land degradation integrated storage capacity method |
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