| 中国北方典型农牧交错区的土壤风蚀危险度研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 梁海超,师华定,白中科,胡云锋.中国北方典型农牧交错区的土壤风蚀危险度研究[J].地球信息科学,2010,12(4):510-516. |
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| 作者姓名： | 梁海超 师华定 白中科 胡云锋 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国地质大学(北京), 北京 100083;
2. 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012;
3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（40801105 40701150 40971223）; 国家科技支撑计划项目（2008BAC40B01 2006BAC08B00） |
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| 摘 要： | 土壤风蚀及其引发的土地退化、沙化和沙尘暴是中国北方严重的环境问题之一。通过定量评估中国北方典型农牧交错地区土壤风蚀危险程度,可以为区域生态环境的保护和生态修复提供科学支撑。本文基于文献调研、兼顾数据的可获得性,建立了包括风场强度、植被覆盖率、地形起伏度、土壤干燥度等因子在内的风蚀危险程度评价指标体系。同时,依据遥感参数反演和地面气象观测数据,在地理信息系统技术支持下,形成了上述因子的空间分布数据。另外,利用层次分析方法,构建土壤风蚀危险度评价模型,得到研究区土壤风蚀危险度的空间分布。最后,结合研究区土地利用数据,探讨了风蚀危险度空间分布格局的自然环境和土地利用背景。研究表明:研究区土壤风蚀极险型区域面积为1.47×104km2,强险型区域面积为6.09×104km2,危险型区域面积为3.47×104km2,轻险型区域面积为3.45×104km2,无险型区域面积为2.19×104km2。本区土壤风蚀危险度呈现出从东南到西北逐渐增强的趋势,这与区域的植被、气候,以及土地利用的空间格局具有内在的有机联系。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤风蚀 危险度评估 层次分析法 |
| 收稿时间： | 2009-12-01; |
Assessment of Wind Erosion Hazard Degree in Typical Farming-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China |
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| LIANG Haichao,SHI Huading,BAI Zhongke,HU Yunfeng.Assessment of Wind Erosion Hazard Degree in Typical Farming-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China[J].Geo-information Science,2010,12(4):510-516. |
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| Authors: | LIANG Haichao SHI Huading BAI Zhongke HU Yunfeng |
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| Institution: | 1. China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;
2. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science,Beijing 100012,China;
3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China |
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| Abstract: | Land degradation and sand storm caused by wind erosion is one of the most serious environmental problems in Farming-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China,and the determination of wind erosion rate and the evaluation of wind erosion hazard in regional scale are puzzling problems in wind erosion research.The quantitative evaluation of soil wind erosion hazard in Erenhot-Zhangjiakou transect could provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of wind erosion.Though many factors influence soil wind erosion hazard,among which vegetation cover,average degree of land surface relief,degree of soil dryness and intensity of wind energy were identified as the main factors that control wind erosion.By means of remote sensing inversion and meteorological data,one factor database about the above factors was established with the help of ArcGIS software,and the evaluation model of soil erosion hazard was established by Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP）,then spatial distribution of soil erosion hazard in the study area was obtained.Finally,combined with data of land use in the study area,the background of natural environment and land use was analyzed,upon which comes into view of the spatial pattern of soil erosion hazard.Result shows that area of Severe Hazard in the study area is 1.47×10^4km^2,area of intense hazard is 6.09×10^4km^2,area of Moderate hazard is 3.47×10^4km^2,area of Slight Hazard is 3.45×10^4km^2,area of no hazard is 2.19×10^4km^2.The figure of hazard shows ＂wind erosion hazard increases gradually from southeast to northwest in the study area＂,which is consistent with the vegetable and climate condition in the study area.The trend is almost the same with previous researches in this field which indicated this approach of combining GIS and AHP is effective for assessing wind erosion hazard.Moreover,the study area is located at the north path of sand storms and is the sources that strengthen sand storms,so,the result could not only be used for preventing and governing soil wind erosion,but also for taking some measures to control the sand storm. |
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| Keywords: | soil wind erosion hazard assessment AHP |
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