| 流域生态系统空间结构量化及其指标体系 |
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| 引用本文： | 王震洪,蔡庆华,赵斌,徐耀阳,唐涛.流域生态系统空间结构量化及其指标体系[J].地球科学与环境学报,2021(1):135-149. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王震洪 蔡庆华 赵斌 徐耀阳 唐涛 |
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| 作者单位： | 长安大学水利与环境学院;中国科学院水生生物研究所;复旦大学生命科学学院;中国科学院城市环境研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(300102299303);国家自然科学基金项目(40861015)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 以流域作为山-水-林-田-湖-草生命共同体的研究尺度和载体,流域生态学在国家生态文明建设中所发挥的学科支撑作用日益重要。“流域生态系统结构-过程-功能-机制-调控”是流域生态学的研究范式,其中空间结构量化及其指标体系构建是流域生态学开展定量研究的一个关键途径。尽管流域生态系统空间结构量化的指标体系涉及到淡水生态学、陆地生态系统生态学、水土保持学、农业环境学和水利工程学等多个学科,但仍未在流域尺度上形成生态系统空间结构整合量化框架体系。基于此,总结了多个关联学科在流域生态系统空间结构量化的研究方法和成果,着重分析了流域生态学在流域尺度上量化生态系统空间结构的难点,并重点以等级结构和集合生态系统理论为基础构建了流域生态系统空间结构量化指标体系,包括流域整体指标、各结构成分指标和结构成分间关系指标,为量化流域生态系统空间结构和结构成分之间关系提供了新方法,对尝试推动流域生态学在山-水-林-田-湖-草生命共同体的耦合定量研究及评估应用具有重要的科学价值。
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| 关 键 词： | 流域生态学 流域生态系统 空间结构 指标体系 集合生态系统 等级结构 高地 (河)网间带 河网 |
Quantification of Spatial Structure for Watershed Ecosystem and the Corresponding Index Systems |
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| WANG Zhen-hong,CAI Qing-hua,ZHAO Bin,XU Yao-yang,TANG Tao.Quantification of Spatial Structure for Watershed Ecosystem and the Corresponding Index Systems[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2021(1):135-149. |
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| Authors: | WANG Zhen-hong CAI Qing-hua ZHAO Bin XU Yao-yang TANG Tao |
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| Institution: | (School of Water and Environment,Chang an University,Xi an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China;School of Life Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China;Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,Fujian,China) |
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| Abstract: | As the carrier and theoretical base of life community consisting of mountain-water-forest-field-lake-grass,watershed and watershed ecology are playing increasingly important roles in the construction of national ecological civilization.The structure-process-function-mechanism-regulation of watershed ecosystem and progressively variable emphasis on these contents is the research paradigm of watershed ecology,and the quantification of spatial structure and the construction of corresponding index systems are key to carry out quantitative research in watershed ecology.However,watershed ecology has not established its own endogenous model framework of index systems to describe the spatial structure of watershed ecosystem,which is able to make a close link between the structural components of watershed ecosystem,between land and water body,between upstream and downstream,or between terrestrial and aquatic organisms.The researches in watershed ecology are scattered in freshwater ecology,terrestrial ecosystem ecology,soil and water conservation,water conservancy engineering,agricultural environmental science,etc.The core theory of watershed ecology has not been significantly developed till now.Therefore,the bottleneck in the development of watershed ecology and the research methods and achievements of the quantitative characteristics of spatial structure describing watershed ecosystem were analyzed based on geography and landscape ecology.The progress on the quantitative characteristics of spatial structure describing watershed ecosystem developed with hierarchical mechanism theory and meta-ecosystem theory was also discussed.In order to provide methodology to quantify the spatial structure of watershed ecosystem and relationships between structural components in watershed ecosystem,the overall index and indices of structural components and structural component relationships of watershed ecosystem were suggested.The index systems will be of great scientific value for coupling quantitative research,estimation and application of watershed ecology on life community consisting of mountain-water-forest-field-lake-grass. |
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| Keywords: | watershed ecology watershed ecosystem spatial structure index system meta-ecosystem hierarchical structure highland inter-river zone river network |
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