| 克拉通岩石圈地幔的形成与破坏:大洋板块俯冲的贡献 |
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| 引用本文： | 汤艳杰.克拉通岩石圈地幔的形成与破坏:大洋板块俯冲的贡献[J].地球科学与环境学报,2021(2):237-243. |
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| 作者姓名： | 汤艳杰 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所岩石圈演化国家重点实验室;中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0600109);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(41725014)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 克拉通是地球上最古老的大陆地块。克拉通之所以能够长期稳定存在,主要是因为它具有巨厚、刚性的岩石圈地幔。古老克拉通岩石圈地幔具有高度难熔(富Mg、贫Fe)的特点,其密度较下伏软流圈小,能够“漂浮”在软流圈之上而长期存在。古老克拉通岩石圈地幔是在地球早期壳幔分异之后形成的,其形成可能与大洋板块的俯冲作用密切相关。典型的克拉通没有大规模的火山活动和大地震,因此,传统理论认为克拉通是稳定的。然而,越来越多的研究表明,克拉通并非一成不变,它会被改造和破坏,从而失去稳定性。造成克拉通破坏的原因是大洋板块的俯冲作用。在大洋板块俯冲触发的地球深部动力学过程中,克拉通赖以稳定存在的刚性岩石圈地幔遭受改造和破坏,岩石圈地幔的物质组成和物理化学性质发生转变,进而导致克拉通的破坏。
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| 关 键 词： | 大陆演化 岩石圈地幔 克拉通 破坏 动力学模型 大洋俯冲 板块构造 深部过程 |
Formation and Destruction of Lithospheric Mantle Beneath the Craton:Contributions of Oceanic Plate Subduction |
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| TANG Yan-jie.Formation and Destruction of Lithospheric Mantle Beneath the Craton:Contributions of Oceanic Plate Subduction[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2021(2):237-243. |
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| Authors: | TANG Yan-jie |
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| Institution: | (State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) |
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| Abstract: | Craton is the oldest continental block on earth.The reason why the craton can exist stably for a long geological period is that it has a very thick and rigid lithospheric mantle.The lithospheric mantle beneath the ancient craton is highly refractory(rich in Mg,but poor in Fe),and its density is smaller than that of the underlying asthenosphere,so it can float on the asthenosphere for a long term.The ancient lithospheric mantle beneath the craton is formed after the crust-mantle differentiation in the early stage of the earth,and its formation may be closely related to the subduction processes of oceanic plate.A typical craton has no large-scale volcanic activity and strong earthquakes,so the traditional theory holds that the craton is stable.However,more and more studies have shown that cratons are not immutable.They will also be transformed and destroyed,thus losing their stability.The main reason of craton destruction is also oceanic plate subduction.The stable rigid lithospheric mantle beneath the craton can be destroyed by the deep-earth dynamic processes,which are triggered by oceanic plate subduction.The material composition and physicochemical properties of the lithospheric mantle will be transformed and changed fundamentally,which will lead to the final destruction of the craton. |
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| Keywords: | continental evolution lithospheric mantle craton destruction dynamic model oceanic subduction plate tectonics deep process |
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