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Study by MOA of extrasolar planets in gravitational microlensing events of high magnification
Authors:I A Bond  N J Rattenbury  J Skuljan  F Abe  R J Dodd  J B Hearnshaw  M Honda  J Jugaku  P M Kilmartin  A Marles  K Masuda  Y Matsubara  Y Muraki  T Nakamura  G Nankivell  S Noda  C Noguchi  K Ohnishi  M Reid  To Saito  H Sato  M Sekiguchi  D J Sullivan  T Sumi  M Takeuti  Y Watase  S Wilkinson  R Yamada  T Yanagisawa  P C M Yock
Institution:Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand,; Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464, Japan,; School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand,; Carter Observatory, PO Box 2909, Wellington, New Zealand,; Institute of Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo 188, Japan,; Research Institute of Civilization, Tama 206, Japan,; Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan,; Nagano National College of Technology, Japan,; Tokyo Metropolitan College of Aeronautics, Tokyo 116, Japan,; Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan and; KEK Laboratory, Tsukuba 305, Japan
Abstract:A search for extrasolar planets was carried out in three gravitational microlensing events of high magnification, MACHO  98–BLG–35  , MACHO  99–LMC–2  and OGLE  00–BUL–12  . Photometry was derived from observational images by the MOA and OGLE groups using an image subtraction technique. For MACHO  98–BLG–35  , additional photometry derived from the MPS and PLANET groups was included. Planetary modelling of the three events was carried out in a supercluster computing environment. The estimated probability for explaining the data on MACHO  98–BLG–35  without a planet is <1 per cent. The best planetary model has a planet of mass ∼(0.4–1.5)× M Earth at a projected radius of either ∼1.5 or ∼2.3 au. We show how multiplanet models can be applied to the data. We calculate exclusion regions for the three events and find that Jupiter-mass planets can be excluded with projected radii from as wide as about 30 au to as close as around 0.5 au for MACHO  98–BLG–35  and OGLE  00–BUL–12  . For MACHO  99–LMC–2  , the exclusion region extends out to around 10 au and constitutes the first limit placed on a planetary companion to an extragalactic star. We derive a particularly high peak magnification of ∼160 for OGLE  00–BUL–12  . We discuss the detectability of planets with masses as low as Mercury in this and similar events.
Keywords:gravitational lensing  planetary systems
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