| 配重浮球覆盖下干旱区平原水库节水率研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 韩克武,侍克斌,杨云鹏,严新军,毛海涛,石祥.配重浮球覆盖下干旱区平原水库节水率研究[J].干旱区地理,2020,43(3):644-651. |
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| 作者姓名： | 韩克武 侍克斌 杨云鹏 严新军 毛海涛 石祥 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052；
2 吐鲁番市高昌区水利局，新疆 吐鲁番 838000；
3 重庆三峡学院土木工程学院，重庆 404100 |
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| 基金项目： | 新疆水利科技专项资金项目（T201801）；“水利工程重点学科”研究项目（SLXK-YJS-2018-03）；自治区高校科研计划重点项目（XJEDU2016I022）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 干旱区平原水库具有水面积大、蒸发强烈等特点，采用直径100 mm的配重浮球来抑制平原水库的无效蒸发。以月为时间尺度，分别从浮球间孔隙造成的蒸发损失率和风浪环境中配重浮球湿润表面造成的蒸发损失率进行研究，最终建立浮球覆盖下水面蒸发抑制率和节水率计算模型。结果表明：（1） 非冰冻期内，浮球间孔隙造成的蒸发损失率呈现先增大后减小，在7月达到全年最高值11.6%；冰冻期内（12月和1月），浮球间孔隙造成的蒸发损失率达到全年最低值9%。（2） 相同覆盖面积下，浮球润湿率随风速的增大呈曲线增长，且覆盖面积越大，润湿率随风速的变化速率越慢。相同风速下，浮球润湿率随覆盖面积的增大呈直线下降。各覆盖面积下，单位面积节水率在7月达到最大值，分别为76.6%、78.1%、79.6%、81.2%；在4月达到最低值，分别为51.9%、54.0%、58.2%、61.3%。综上所述，配重浮球在风浪环境中稳定性好、防蒸发节水率高，是一种较为理想的防蒸发材料。
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| 关 键 词： | 干旱区平原水库 配重浮球 润湿率 蒸发抑制率 节水率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-07-11 |
Water saving efficiency of weighted floating balls covering
plain reservoir in arid area |
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| HAN Ke-wu,SHI Ke-bin,YANG Yun-peng,YAN Xin-jun,MAO Hai-tao,SHI Xiang.Water saving efficiency of weighted floating balls covering
plain reservoir in arid area[J].Arid Land Geography,2020,43(3):644-651. |
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| Authors: | HAN Ke-wu SHI Ke-bin YANG Yun-peng YAN Xin-jun MAO Hai-tao SHI Xiang |
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| Abstract: | Considering the characteristics of a large water area
and strong evaporation of the plain reservoir in an arid area,Turpan
City,Xinjiang,China,the invalid evaporation of the water surface could be
restrained by covering the plain reservoir with weighted floating balls having
diameters of 100 mm.We studied the monthly evaporation loss from the openings
among the floating balls and the wetted surface areas of the weighted floating
balls in the wind-wave environment.The research methods used herein are as
follows:(1) Evaporation loss from the openings among floating balls:A and B
evaporators with an area of 1 m-2 are placed at the top of the dam.The water
surface of the A evaporator is covered by floating balls,and the B evaporator
is used as a blank control without covering any material.By observing and
analyzing the evaporation in these evaporators,we can obtain the evaporation
loss rate caused by the openings.(2) Evaporation loss caused by the wetted
surface of weighted floating balls in the wind-wave environment:The experiment
was conducted in the reservoir with good
wind and open water around.The floating balls were closely arranged in four
different area fences (1 m2,2 m2,3 m2,and 4 m2).We
observed and analyzed the wetted surface area of the floating balls in the four
fences under different wind speeds and calculated the wetting rate of the
floating balls in the four fences.The evaporation inhibition rate per unit area
of water under the different areas of the weighted floating balls was obtained
by combining the two types of evaporation loss rates,and the monthly water-saving
efficiency of the weighted floating balls was calculated.Results showed the
following:(1) During the non-freezing period from February to November,the
evaporation loss rate from the openings among spheres initially increased and
then decreased,reaching the highest value of 11.6% in July.During December-January,the
evaporation loss rate was 9%,which was the lowest value in the whole year.(2)
The water-saving efficiency of the weighted floating balls is the sum of the
product of the frequency appearing in each wind speed interval and the
evaporation inhibition rate corresponding to each wind speed interval.(3) Under
the same coverage area,the wetting rate of the floating balls increased with
the increase in wind speed.The larger the coverage area,the slower the wetting
rate changed with the wind speed.At the same wind speed,the wetting rate
linearly decreased with the increase in
coverage areas.In the same month of the non-freezing period,the water-saving
efficiency per unit area increased with the increase in the coverage area.Under
each coverage area,the water-saving efficiency per unit area reached the
maximum in July at 76.6%,78.1%,79.6%,and 81.2%,and it reached the minimum in
April at 51.9%,54.0%,58.2%,and 61.3%.(4) Compared
with the ordinary homogeneous floating balls,the weighted floating balls in the
wind wave environment possess strong anti interference ability,good stability,and high anti-evaporation and
water-saving efficiency. |
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| Keywords: | plain reservoir in arid area weighted floating balls wetting rate evaporation inhibition rate water saving efficiency |
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