共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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曲流河地层内部结构复杂,岩性界面具有穿时性,传统的地震相分析法不能满足油藏开发地质研究中对储层内部结构精细解释的需要,急需探索有效的地震解释方法。采用基于探地雷达的露头探测、点坝复合体三维正演模拟和实际地震资料相结合的方法,分析了地震资料频率和地层厚度对曲流河内部结构地震反射特征的影响,研究了利用地层切片解释曲流河沉积结构的原理和方法,建立了开发尺度的曲流河内部结构地震沉积学解释技术。研究发现:(1)高频地震资料中地震反射能够反映曲流河侧积复合体边界,而低频地震资料中反射同相轴与岩性界面一致;(2)不同厚度的点坝侧积单元地震反射特征存在差异,造成反射剖面的多解性。同时指出曲流河内部结构地震沉积学解释的技术关键:(1)发挥地震资料平面与剖面信息的相互约束和补充;(2)将地质体作为三维空间发育的成因体,利用其平面与剖面特征的成因联系指导解释;(3)级次化解释方法,在不同级次上采用针对性的解释方法。将该方法应用于墨西哥湾新近系地震沉积学解释,实现了曲流河点坝复合体内部结构的三维刻画。 相似文献
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尼日尔三角洲深水区层序地层及地震相研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
中新世至上新世,研究区发育深海平原和陆坡坡脚沉积。缺少反映海平面变化的上超特征和削截现象,很难利用地震反射终止类型（上超、顶超、削截）进行层序界面识别。文中利用深水区沉积旋回的地震相特征差异进行层序界面识别,并建立了研究区层序演化模式:低位体系域发育重力流沉积（块状搬运复合体、浊积扇）———海侵高位体系域深海泥质发育。以层序为格架进行地震相和沉积相在时间和空间分布特征分析。研究区识别出两类叠加地 震相样式:杂乱反射块状搬运复合体———丘形水道—堤岸复合体（浊积扇）———平行反射深海泥质沉积;丘形水道—堤岸复合体（浊积扇）———平行反射深海泥质沉积。 相似文献
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由于蕴含着潜在的油气勘探和资源储藏信息,岩床复合体在全球范围内被广泛研究。本文基于南海北部三维地震资料以及南极罗斯海地区二维多道地震资料,对岩床复合体的形态特征及分布进行分析,对两个地区岩床复合体的形成时间进行判断,阐述岩床复合体的侵位机制。研究发现,岩床复合体代表性产状除了菱形、碟形及复合型外,还存在沿着层位平行侵入的板状,推测它可能是夭折了的岩床侵入体,以及由几个小型岩床堆叠而成的透镜状岩床复合体。分布上,南海北部岩床主要发育于珠江口盆地白云凹陷三维工区西部,东部只零星可见;南极西罗斯海岩床主要发育于西北角的阿黛尔盆地内。根据岩床上覆的强制褶皱结合区域构造背景,推测南海北部岩床复合体的形成时间为早中新世(15.5 Ma),海底扩张结束之时。残余岩浆将盆地内裂谷时期形成的断层作为岩浆运移的通道,并最终在断层终点处即下中新统近海相砂泥岩地层中实现侵位。南极西罗斯海岩床复合体的形成时间则非常晚,不早于5.5 Ma。该区这期岩浆活动可能与构造作用无关,而是受到冰川消融的影响。研究发现岩床复合体内部的岩床个体互相供给,即深部的大岩床为上覆浅层的小岩床提供岩浆供给,并且互相组合,形成大的岩床复合体。然而,每个岩床复合体则可能由不同的岩浆供给发育而成。 相似文献
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The eastern offshore of India covers a vast stretch of sedimentary tract fed by major rivers like Ganges, Brahmaputra and
Mahanadi in the north, Krishna and Godavari in the center, and Cauvery and Palar in the south, which led to variations in
shelf-slope characteristics, degree of slope and hence slope instability. The structure as well as seismic attribute maps
prepared from multibeam bathymetry and high-resolution 3D seismic data set has been analyzed to identify various geohazards
in the deep water offshore regions of the east coast of India. These can be categorized as slope instability, slope canyons,
shallow gas, mass transport complexes, sediment waves, gas hydrates, gas chimney, mud volcanoes and shallow faults. The slope
instability is primarily related to rapid sedimentation by the active river systems while the other geohazards are often developed
in association with shallow gas flows and leakages. The bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) identified in the seismic sections
indicate the presence of gas hydrates. Rapid sedimentation, BSR formation, dissolution and expulsion of water as well as gas
and their subsequent vertical migration are responsible for the formation of shallow gas-related hazards. The results from
the above analysis are of immense help in minimizing the risk of shallow hazards during exploration, drilling and subsurface
installation activities along the eastern Indian offshore. 相似文献
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Characteristics of Meso-Cenozoic Igneous Complexes in the South Yellow Sea Basin, Lower Yangtze Craton of Eastern China and the Tectonic Setting 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
PANG Yumao ZHANG Xunhu XIAO Guolin GUO Xingwei WEN Zhenhe WU Zhiqiang ZHU Xiaoqing 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(3):971-987
The South Yellow Sea Basin is partially surrounded by the East Asian continental Meso-Cenozoic widespread igneous rocks belt. Magnetic anomaly and multi-channel seismic data both reveal the prevalent occurrence of igneous rocks. We preliminarily defined the coupling relation between magnetic anomalies and igneous rock bodies. Some igneous complexes were also recognized by using multi-channel seismic and drilling data. We identified various intrusive and extrusive igneous rock bodies, such as stocks, sills, dikes, laccoliths and volcanic edifice relics through seismic facies analysis. We also forecasted the distribution characteristics of igneous complexes. More than fifty hypabyssal intrusions and volcanic relics were delineated based on the interpretation of magnetic anomaly and dense intersecting multi-channel seismic data. It is an important supplement to regional geology and basin evolution research. Spatial matching relations between igneous rock belts and fractures document that extensional N–E and N–NE-trending deep fractures may be effective pathways for magma intrusion. These fractures formed under the influence of regional extension during the Meso-Cenozoic after the Indosinian movement. Isotopic ages and crosscutting relations between igneous rock bodies and the surrounding bedded sedimentary strata both indicate that igneous activities might have initiated during the Late Jurassic, peaked in the Early Cretaceous, gradually weakened in the Late Cretaceous, and continued until the Miocene. Combined with previous studies, it is considered that the Meso-Cenozoic igneous activities, especially the intensive igneous activity of the Early Cretaceous, are closely associated with the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. 相似文献
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尼日利亚海上区块近海底深水水道体系地震响应特征与沉积模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用高分辨率三维地震资料,对西非尼日利亚海上OML130地区近海底深水沉积进行了研究.剖析了深水水道体系各沉积单元地震反射特征,详细论述了水道与堤岸单元的外形几何特征及内部充填特征,即单一水道在剖面上为V字型,下部地震反射为强反射、低连续,代表相对粗颗粒碎屑沉积,顶部为中强振幅、连续性强、水平层状地震反射特征,反映了水道发育晩期废弃充填的特点,平面形态为高弯度条带状.在分析水道下切侵蚀与充填特征的基础之上,总结了水道体系内水道之间的3种叠置样式,研究表明平面上类似曲流河沉积体系的水道体系内,后期单一水道的发生不一定是在前期水道基础之上直接侧向迁移与顺流演化,而可能是另一个新的沉积过程,因而在不同位置展现不同的水道叠置样式.通过分析水道体系形成演化的主要影响因素,结合研究区浅层与深层资料,提出了被动大陆边缘深水水道体系的沉积模式.研究认为,在陆坡上某一区域,在物源供给及海平面变化,尤其是流域地形(构造或沉积所致)影响下,使得水道体系、朵叶体系既可以同时出现,也可以在顺流方向交替出现.借助近海底的高分辨率三维地震资料对深水沉积进行研究,可以揭示沉积单元特征,从而建立研究区内适性强的沉积演化模式,为深水油气勘探与开发提供更为成功的服务. 相似文献
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水陆过渡带改进地震施工方法初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着勘探程度的深入,探区地表条件越来越复杂,影响地震施工进度和地震资料品质的因素越来越多。某地区位于中伏尔加含油气区,其工区大部分为水域和水陆过渡带,加上天气等环境因素的影响,导致地震施工作业出现了一些问题。根据出现的问题,从仪器、气枪激发和炮线设计等方面加以检查和改进,从而获得了高品质的地震资料,推动了生产的顺利进行。另外也从质量控制管理的角度阐明在地震勘探过程中如何加强管理,控制质量。 相似文献
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Tidal strains of the earth were extracted from three horizontal strainmeter records (1979–1986) in the Friuli seismic area by the “filter method”. The areal strain factor, ignoring the tidal loading effects, shows that its time variation is significant: their amplitudes in 1986 are about 50% of those in 1979.
The modifications of mechanical properties, estimated in terms of the local shear and bulk modulus variations, were obtained considering the envelope of the tidal strain signals. The seismic wave velocity determined by the simultaneous inversion of the arrival time data of the local seismometric network displayed comparable changes.
A major change both in the seismic velocities and the elastic parameters started in March 1982, which was about 11 months before an earthquake of magnitude 4.1, the largest event from 1979 to 1986, which occurred within the seismic network on Feb. 10, 1983. 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(3):739-744
Realistically predicting earthquake is critical for seismic risk assessment,prevention and safe design of major structures.Due to the complex nature of seismic events,it is challengeable to efficiently identify the earthquake response and extract indicative features from the continuously detected seismic data.These challenges severely impact the performance of traditional seismic prediction models and obstacle the development of seismology in general.Taking their advantages in data analysis,artificial intelligence(AI) techniques have been utilized as powerful statistical tools to tackle these issues.This typically involves processing massive detected data with severe noise to enhance the seismic performance of structures.From extracting meaningful sensing data to unveiling seismic events that are below the detection level,AI assists in identifying unknown features to more accurately predicting the earthquake activities.In this focus paper,we provide an overview of the recent AI studies in seismology and evaluate the performance of the major AI techniques including machine learning and deep learning in seismic data analysis.Furthermore,we envision the future direction of the AI methods in earthquake engineering which will involve deep learning-enhanced seismology in an internet-of-things(IoT) platform. 相似文献
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提高地震信号的分辨率是地震勘探要解决的一项主要任务,而提高地震信号的信噪比是提高地震信号分辨率的先决条件。要提高地震资料的信噪比,需要去除地震资料中的相干噪声和随机噪声。本文介绍了平稳小波变换结合阈值压制面波干扰的方法,通过实际地震记录的处理证实了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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The Pernambuco marginal basin is located on the eastern continental margin of northeastern Brazil, covers an area of 20,800 km2, and represents one of the most prominent frontiers for deep water oil and gas exploration off the Brazilian coast. The onshore region of this basin was highly affected by extrusive and intrusive magmatism during the Upper Albian, and the relation of that event with the volcanic structures observed in the offshore sector has not been thoroughly characterized to date. This study aims to characterize the major extrusive and intrusive volcanic structures of the offshore portion of this basin, which is dominated by the Pernambuco Plateau, and its stratigraphic relations. A set of 143 2D multichannel seismic sections that cover the Pernambuco Plateau region are used to interpret the major tectono-stratigraphic sequences and describe the distribution of volcanoes, sills, vent complexes and related volcaniclastic sequences. The interpretations are supported by aeromagnetic and gravimetric geophysical surveys. Volcanoes are classified into two groups that differ in terms of their morphology: shield-like structures and cone-shaped volcanic structures. Sill intrusions are mainly identified beneath the volcanic structures and are characterized by high-amplitude reflectors with short extensions and abrupt terminations. Volcaniclastic sequences are found adjacent to the volcanoes and are characterized by high-amplitude, disrupted reflections with local chaotic configurations. Vent complexes are classified on the basis of their morphologies as either eye-shaped or crater-shaped. The volcanic features identified within the available seismic dataset are concentrated in two main areas: in the centre of the plateau and near its northeastern border. These two regions are host basement outer highs and are surrounded by hyper-extended continental crust, which forms the plateau itself. The extrusive and intrusive features described in the offshore region were formed during the post rift Cretaceous and Cenozoic intervals and point to the continuation of magmatic events after the rifting process. The findings presented in this report provide a better understanding of the magmatism on the northeastern passive margin of Brazil and can also be useful for future modelling of the Pernambuco Basin petroleum system. 相似文献
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岩浆活动在沉积盆地中是非常广泛的.随着油气勘探领域的扩展,对沉积盆地火成岩及相关构造的研究愈加重要.沉积盆地火成构造是指在沉积盆地中由岩浆侵入或喷发作用形成的岩浆和围岩及上覆层变形构造的总和.当前,利用三维地震数据研究岩席的几何学与侵位机制取得了重要进展,开启了沉积盆地火成构造研究的新时代.三维地震分析是沉积盆地火成构... 相似文献
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基于陆上油田密井网的河流相储层构型研究,经过数十年积累,理论基础及表征方法已比较成熟,然而,将其应用于海上油田稀疏井网条件时,依然面临较大的挑战。笔者团队经过多年探索,基于海上油田开发地质研究方法,形成了井震结合、以"复合砂体"为核心的海上河流相复合砂体构型理论与表征方法,其特点在于运用三维原型建模、地震构型相预测及地震驱动确定性建模等技术,重点表征影响海上油田开发的五、六、七级构型单元(复合河道带、单一河道带、复合点坝),针对开发阶段的小层细分对比及不连续渗流屏障刻画等方面具有明显的优势。目前,应用这套理论及方法开展精细地质建模和数值模拟依然存在挑战,需要进一步发挥地震资料作用并探索人工智能的地震解释新途径。 相似文献
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Active faults, seismicity and recent fracturing in the lithosphere of the Baikal rift system 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A map of major active faults has been constructed for the Baikal rift system (BRS). Recent active faults are identified using seismological data. The BRS seismicity of the past 40 years is statistically analyzed. Areas of a “stable” concentration of epicenters are revealed. On this basis, a zone of recent fracturing of the lithosphere is identified and its relation to active and developing faults of the BRS is analyzed. The zone of the lithosphere fracturing is a major tectonic structure, which controls both the recent seismic process and the reactivation of ancient faults. It is demonstrated that the available seismological data can provide a basis for a detailed classification of faults by degree of their tectonic activity. Regularities in the distribution of strong earthquakes along the zone of the recent fracturing of the lithosphere are established, as well as regularities in the distribution of strong and weak seismic events relative to transform and other faults. The degree of the fault reactivation is determined by their spatial closeness to the axial zone of the recent rupturing of the lithosphere. 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地西北缘百口泉地区百58井区是一个被多条断裂切割的复杂断块区,地层倾角变化大;现有的三维地震资料成果剖面上地震波组连续性差,断裂带附近资料成像模糊,地层接触关系不清楚,很难进行精细构造解释。为获得研究区沉积盖层精细结构,在详细分析原始地震资料特点和存在问题的基础上,有针对性地采用叠前多域去噪和非线性叠前时间偏移等多种处理技术,对已有的三维地震资料进行了高分辨率精细成像处理。新的成果剖面揭示出该区百－乌断裂带发育特征、空间展布及平面组合关系。根据地层厚度、构造特征、地震反射波组特征等,划分该区地层为二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系－白垩系三大构造层,以三大构造层不同的构造特征为依据确定了研究区分为西部推覆构造带、中部断阶构造带和东部斜坡构造带3个构造单元。 相似文献
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The results of electrical exploration carried out using the method of magnetotelluric sounding at a deposit in Western Kazakhstan are presented. Based on processing and interpretation of the electrometric data, a digital geoelectric model of the exploration area is developed and a geoelectric section of the test profile is constructed. It is shown that MT soundings, along with a seismic survey and well-log data, can be effectively used to define a geological structure and to identify prospective oil-and-gas bearing segments in Mesozoic terrigeneous-sedimentary complexes. 相似文献
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B.R. Goleby R.S. Blewett R.J. Korsch D.C. Champion K.F. Cassidy L.E.A. Jones P.B. Groenewald P. Henson 《Tectonophysics》2004,388(1-4):119
Deep seismic reflection data across the Archaean Eastern Goldfields Province, northeastern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, have provided information on its crustal architecture and on several of its highly mineralised belts. The seismic reflection data allow interpretation of several prominent crustal scale features, including an eastward thickening of the crust, subdivision of the crust into three broad layers, the presence of a prominent east dip to the majority of the reflections and the interpretation of three east-dipping crustal-penetrating shear zones. These east-dipping shear zones are major structures that subdivide the region into four terranes. Major orogenic gold deposits in the Eastern Goldfields Province are spatially associated with these major structures. The Laverton Tectonic Zone, for example, is a highly mineralised corridor that contains several world-class gold deposits plus many smaller deposits. Other non crustal-penetrating structures within the area do not appear to be as well endowed metallogenically as the Laverton structure. The seismic reflection data have also imaged a series of low-angle shear zones within and beneath the granite–greenstone terranes. Where the low-angle shear zones intersect the major crustal-penetrating structures, a wedge shaped geometry is formed. This geometry forms a suitable fluid focusing wedge in which upward to subhorizontal moving fluids are focused and then distributed into the nearby complexly deformed greenstones. 相似文献
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Data recorded by a seismic network deployed the day after the 2004 Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake (M6.8) in central Japan are used to determine the major source faults responsible for the mainshock and major aftershocks. Using this high-resolution seismic data, three major source faults are identified: two parallel faults dipping steeply to the west located 5 km apart, and the other dipping eastward and oriented perpendicular to the west-dipping faults. The analysis also reveals that the lateral variation in seismic velocity observed at the surface extends to a depth of 15 km, encompassing the source area of the mainshock. This strong heterogeneity of the crust, related to the complex geological and tectonic evolution of the area, is considered to be responsible for the prominent aftershock activity following the 2004 Niigata event. 相似文献