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1.
东海赤潮高发区水体光谱吸收特性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赤潮是海洋中一种复杂的生态异常现象。赤潮的爆发、不仅严重影响近海景观,破坏水产养殖,危害人体健康,还对海洋生态平衡造成破坏,给人类造成惨重经济损失。近年来,在我国的赤潮观测记录中,赤潮的年发生次数逐渐增加,且面积不断增大,因此,对赤潮的发生发展机理及预测治理研究是科学家刻不容缓的研究课题。
赤潮发生时,赤潮生物大量聚集,使水体颜色发生明显变化,进而赤潮水体的光谱特征发生变化,且存在差异,使利用水色遥感监测赤潮成为可能,还可以用来区分赤潮种类的不同。水体光谱的变化特性(包括吸收与散射特性)是水色赤潮遥感监测的基础,是水色遥感生物光学算法开发的重要组成部分。因此对赤潮水体进行光谱吸收特性的分析研究对于发展研究海区的水色遥感生物光学算法及赤潮遥感监测方法都有重要意义。 相似文献
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东海赤潮高发区水体光谱吸收特性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
赤潮是海洋中一种复杂的生态异常现象。赤潮的爆发,不仅严重影响近海景观,破坏水产养殖,危害人体健康,还对海洋生态平衡造成破坏,给人类造成惨重经济损失。近年来,在我国的赤潮观测记录中,赤潮的年发生次数逐渐增加,且面积不断增大,因此,对赤潮的发生发展机理及预测治理研究是科学家刻不容缓的研究课题。赤潮发生时,赤潮生物大量聚集,使水体颜色发生明显变化,进而赤潮水体的光谱特征发生变化,且存在差异,使利用水色遥感监测赤潮成为可能,还可以用来区分赤潮种类的不同。水体光谱的变化特性(包括吸收与散射特性),是水色赤潮遥感监测的基础,是… 相似文献
3.
《海洋学研究》2001,19(2):14
今年5月上旬以来，我国东海发生了多次赤潮，国家海洋局第二海洋研究所(海洋二所)海洋水色环境速报组根据接收到的太空卫星资料，经过对水温、水色等因子的分析，利用准实时监测技术得出发生赤潮的海域和面积并连续5次通过国家海洋局和国家遥感办往国务院信息办及有关部门发报，使有关部门及时得到了信息。 准实时赤潮监视系统是1998～2000年由海洋二所负责建立的，是国家863海洋遥感技术攻关的成果之一，利用该系统，在赤潮发生后3 h，即能迅速地监测到其发生的海域和面积等有关情况，目前，这项成果正逐步地进行推广。同时，这项成果还可应用在溢油和海洋污染等方面的监视上。 (陈荣发) 相似文献
4.
中高空间分辨率宽波段光学卫星已成为赤潮监测的主要数据源,但与水色卫星传感器不同,中高空间分辨率卫星传感器主要面向陆地应用,其波段数量少、宽度大,由此对赤潮探测带来的影响尚待研究。为此,本文基于不同优势种赤潮实测高光谱数据、时空同步的GF-1 WFV2、GF-1 WFV3传感器影像、Sentinel-2A MSI传感器影像及GF-6 WFV传感器影像,探究了波段设置、光谱响应函数、信噪比及空间分辨率对赤潮探测的影响,并分析了红边波段赤潮探测优势。结果表明:波段设置对赤潮探测影响大,特别是红光波段和红边波段的中心波长和波段宽度;波段设置相同的情况下,赤潮探测精度受光谱响应函数的影响大,受信噪比的影响较小;空间分辨率对赤潮探测的影响较大,空间分辨率的提升有助于提高赤潮探测的精度。红边波段赤潮探测实验表明,较之红光波段,基于红边波段的赤潮探测具有明显的优势,平均F1-Score提高了11%。本文的研究结果一方面可为赤潮中高空间分辨率卫星探测的数据选取提供理论依据,另一方面可为中高空间分辨率卫星传感器的设计提供参考。 相似文献
5.
海洋环境参数和赤潮、绿潮等海洋灾害在一天之内会有明显的变化,需要高频率的观测才能满足监测的需求,极轨水色卫星观测频率低,而静止轨道水色卫星在观测频率方面具有绝对优势。2010年韩国发射了世界上第一颗静止轨道海洋水色卫星GOCI(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager),使小时级时间分辨率的水色遥感成为现实,各国科学家围绕该数据迅速开展了大量研究工作。本文首先介绍了GOCI遥感器的主要参数信息及其数据处理软件,然后综述了GOCI自问世至2016年的主要研究进展,涉及卫星数据处理、产品质量评价、海洋环境探测、海洋灾害监测、海洋动力过程探测、大气探测等方面,以期对我国水色遥感特别是静止轨道水色遥感应用研究提供参考。 相似文献
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《海洋通报(英文版)》2017,(1)
自2000年以来,渤海海域每年都有赤潮发生,这往往使渤海沿海水域受其影响。卫星遥感技术和海洋水色观测卫星图像,已经成功地用于识别和观测赤潮的发生、发展和消亡。然而,由于研究的水体、使用的遥感数据和建模方法都各不相同,因此需针对渤海海域的水体特点建立特定的赤潮反演模型。本文利用MODIS光谱反射率数据和渤海海域实测叶绿素a浓度进行了相关分析,选择表达式(B10-B8)/(B13-B8)作为渤海海域赤潮反演的指标,相关系数达到0.781 5,呈现显著相关结果。研究发现2014年渤海海域赤潮灾害的时空分布特征较为明显。其中渤海海域赤潮大规模爆发的主要原因归结于其半封闭型的地理形态导致的水交换不畅和沿岸径流的大量陆源物质输入,河流输入是陆源污染入海的主要来源。然后,本文利用云覆盖较少的GOCI遥感数据,建立了一个改进型赤潮指数的赤潮反演模型,并且证明了在浑浊水域中描述赤潮的有效性。2014年5月15日、26日和30日的每小时RI图像在一天中呈现出基本一致的赤潮变化,并且一天中渤海海域的赤潮面积变化非常明显,赤潮藻类优势种的垂直迁移可能是导致赤潮表面表达短期变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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大气散射对采用归—化植被指数进行赤潮遥感监测的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来赤潮灾害在我国海域频繁发生，对沿海环境、经济和人民生产生活都造成一定的影响，因此对赤潮进行实时监测并业务化运行就显得尤其重要．赤潮遥感监测是目前常用手段之一，在实践中取得了一定的效果，但到目前为止还没有一种成熟的算法能用于业务化监测赤潮的发生．很多研究人员借鉴归一化植被指数(NDVI)阈值法、海表温度(SST)异常等来判断赤潮的发生，但归一化植被指数阈值法经常会出现误判或无法区分正常与异常水体的情况．该阈值范围由先验知识得到，没有定量的理论依据． 相似文献
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遍布全球的赤潮问题近几十年来在我国海域愈演愈烈,成为我国海域最突出的生态灾害之一,严重威胁人类健康、生态安全和社会经济发展。随着研究的深入,我国海域越来越多的赤潮物种及隐存种得到鉴定,分类地位也经过不断修订,但是这些信息零散,不利于研究者系统认识和跟踪研究我国海洋赤潮物种。为此,文章整理了国内外赤潮物种研究资料,并参照联合国教科文组织全球有害藻华物种分类参考名单(2021年版,仅包括有毒赤潮物种)内容,完成了赤潮物种统计,共收录了341个赤潮物种,既包括有毒赤潮物种,也包括无毒赤潮物种。在这341个赤潮物种中,大部分(215种)在中国海域也得到鉴定,其中76个物种在所有主要海域都得到鉴定。近年来,基于通用分子标记(比如18S rDNA序列)的宏条形码分析被广泛应用于针对赤潮物种的鉴定和研究,成为研究赤潮物种组成及其时空动态变化的重要手段。然而,这341个赤潮物种中近30%的物种其18SrDNA序列尚未得到解析,严重限制了宏条形码方法的充分应用,是推行宏条形码分析中的重要瓶颈。全面构建赤潮物种分子标记可以促进宏条形码分析方法作为新一代海域生态调查分析技术,更好地将其应用于解析我国海域赤潮... 相似文献
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基于地物光谱的赤潮优势种识别研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
利用2001年获取的不同优势种赤潮水体的现场光谱数据，处理得到了不同优势种赤潮水体的遥感反射率光谱曲线；在此基础上，发展了基于光谱角度制图法(Spectral Angle Mapping，SAM)和互相关光谱匹配法(Cross Correlogram Spectral Mapping，CCSM)的赤潮优势种识别算法。数据实验结果表明，上述两种方法对于实现基于光谱数据的赤潮优势种识别是基本有效的，且CCSM方法的识别结果略优于SAM方法。进一步提高上述方法的适用性在于大量获取不同优势种赤潮的光谱数据并建立赤潮光谱数据库。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
15.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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