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1.
丽江7级地震前高b值演化过程和孕震模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过１９６５年以来云南省第Ⅲ,Ⅳ次强震活跃期间６．７级以上强震前一年云南地区ｂ值全地域扫找图象的对比,展示了丽江７级地震前高ｂ值的动态演化过程,并对照坚固体孕震模式和含硬包体试样在破裂孕育过程中声发射ｍ值与杨氏模量Ｅ的关系等实验结果,以及高ｂ值区和高波速区,余震萄的关系,均表明丽江地震的孕震区具备了坚固体孕震模式的高波速,高杨氏模量的特征。 相似文献
2.
采用宽频带Ｐ波波形资料，利用全局反演方法，推断了１９９４年９月１６日发生在台湾海峡的一次强烈地震的地震矩张量；并采用随机加权方法进行误差分析．结果表明，这次地震的矩张量解以双力偶成分为主，是断层面为ＥＷ走向的正倾错动．震源机制的张应力轴接近水平，ＳＮ走向；压应力轴几乎竖直．地震矩值为０．９８×１０１９Ｎｍ．震源过程的持续时间仅有４ｓ，震源时间函数显示了均匀的单一破裂事件．通过对台湾东南到吕宋岛以北地震带的震源性质分析，探讨了该地区产生ＳＮ向水平拉张应力状态的原因． 相似文献
3.
按照地球膨胀学说进行全球构造动力物理模拟的相似性研究，得到了膨胀地球岩石层弹性球壳力学模型的方程分析相似准则和地幔物质沿膨胀裂谷通道上涌流动的方程分析相似准则．按照各相似准则的约束，计算得到了满足与膨胀地球原型相似的模型参数：膨胀初始半径为０．４６ｍ；原始岩石层的厚度、密度分别为３×１０－３ｍ和（１．２－１．８）×１０ｋｇ／ｍ３，其强度为１０４Ｐａ；原始地球膨胀内压为４．２５×１０４Ｐａ；原始地表重力为－１．２５×１０－２Ｎ／ｋｇ；上涌物质密度、粘度分别为１．２×１０２ｋｇ／ｍ３和２×１０２Ｐａ·ｓ；原始地幔物质上涌厚度、速度和加速度分别为２．５×１０－２ｍ，２．０×１０－３ｍ／ｓ和３×１０２ｍ／s2．由此表明材料物性等条件能够较好地满足原型要求的模型条件． 相似文献
4.
尝试在年度尺度上对云南地区地壳速度结构进行成像,以确定2003年大姚地震前三维地壳速度结构的演化,并对其发震成因的介质物性变化进行探讨.检测板分辨试验显示,在年度尺度上,大姚附近区域15km深度上节点解的分辨率在0.6左右;误差分析显示,在震源附近的误差(约0.02km/s)远小于速度变化的幅度(约0.15km/s).研究结果表明,大姚地震前震源区附近形成一条北北西向的高、低波速交界带,其走向与两次大姚地震震源机制解的走向以及通过余震精定位确定的断层走向基本吻合,且震源位于交界带的高波速一侧.此外,大姚地震震后在震源下方形成一低速体.本文得到的大姚地震前的波速结构演化可为探讨其孕震、发震条件提供约束. 相似文献
5.
鄞县ML3.9和ML4.7地震的震源参数 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
１９９３年２月２６日和１９９４年９月７日在浙江宁波鄞县发生了ＭＬ３．０和ＭＬ４．７地震。本文使用华东地区部分台站的地震记录资料给出了这两次地震的震源机制和震源参数。其主要结果是：该区的主压应力方向约为北东６０°；３．０级地震的破裂方向为ＳＳＷ，破裂速度为２．７ｋｍ／ｓ，破裂尺度为０．３９ｋｍ；４．７级地震的破裂方向为ＮＷＷ，破裂速度为２．３ｋｍ／ｓ，破裂尺度为０．４１ｋｍ。 相似文献
6.
地震走时层析成像是地球物理反演中成熟的方法之一,已在许多领域得到广泛应用,并取得了良好的效果。本文介绍的地震层析成像方法包括模型参数化、射线追踪和理论走时计算、非线性方程组的线性化、线性化方程组的求解以及解的评价。观测数据使用了中国地震局地球物理勘探中心在岫岩陨石坑取得的浅层地震折射资料,反演得到两条近垂直交叉剖面的P波速度结构。结果表明,该坑为一简单坑,直接撞击形成的区域为直径约1．8km、深度约700m的坑体;坑中心深度约700m周围以及向下出现的7．0km／s以上的高波速可能是陨石撞击时所产生的高温高压使表层岩石达到熔融状态,改变了围岩的性质,致使围岩速度升高。 相似文献
7.
通过引入模糊均值聚类(FCM)模型约束函数对电阻率与速度进行约束,开展二维直流电阻率法与地震初至波走时成像法联合反演研究.在地下浅层结构勘探中,通常低电阻率的地质体具有低速特征,较高电阻率的地质体表现为较高的地震波速度.直流电阻率法因为低电阻率区域吸引电流而对其敏感,地震走时成像法因为射线集中在高波速区而对高速体敏感,因此,两者联合成像能够大幅度提高反演效果.合成数据反演表明,直流电阻率法和地震初至波走时联合反演对于两类地质体的分辨能力均有提升,能够优势互补.尤其是引入FCM模型约束进行联合反演,根据已知物性进行监督学习,进一步提高了反演质量,改善了成像模型的分辨率. 相似文献
8.
本文用ＣＤＳＮ宽频带数字记录，计算了不对称双侧破裂模式的Ｐ波远场位移谱，用频谱方法研究中强地震的震源参数，并将它应用于１９８９年９月２２日四川小金ＭＳ＝６．６级地震的震源参数研究中。研究结果表明，断层长度为８．４ｋｍ；宽度为２．９ｋｍ；动力学参数：地震矩为４．７×１０１７Ｎ·ｍ；平均位错６４．６ｃｍ；应力降１８．９×１０５Ｐａ．并用余震震源深度分布的空间图象证明了：地震断层为走向ＮＷ３３°的走滑断层，断层面倾向为北东，倾角约为２０°。 相似文献
9.
研究了中、新生界沉积层所覆盖的我国西北各沉积盆地：准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地，以及一系列中小型盆地和其邻近地域的深部岩石层三维速度结构，探讨其和造山带与油气田的关系．使用了适配滤波频时分析方法，分析了我国数字台网的中长周期瑞利面波资料，计算得到２５７条混合路径的面波群速度频散．利用改进的分格随机反演理论与方法，从混合路径中提取了１００条频散突出路径的４°×４°网格单元的纯路径频散，并反演研究区的三维Ｓ波速度结构．频散的周期从１．９５ｓ到１５１．７ｓ，浅部分辨率可达１ｋｍ，得出了该区深达２００ｋｍ范围内三维瑞利波群速度的分布与特征．所得结果表明：塔里木盆地、哈密－吐鲁番盆地、伊宁盆地以及藏北地区的羌塘盆地具有较好的油气前景．我国西北邻国接壤地带，也均为良好的油气盆地潜在地带． 相似文献
10.
使用三维地震Ｐ波走时层析成像技术对夏威夷冒纳罗亚和基拉韦厄火山下地壳岩浆源进行了成像,火山山顶和裂缝带下面地壳上部９ｋｍ的高波速体与高磁强度带相关,可以解释为固结辉长岩－超铁镁质堆积岩。从此堆积岩而推导出地表的火山作用,具有高波速特征的地区靠近裂缝带,这与火山侧翼的仍扩张模型相一致。 相似文献
11.
2015年4月25日尼泊尔发生Mw7.9地震.本文采用三维曲线坐标网格有限差分方法,依据USGS给出的震源运动学反演结果和震源区域地形数据,模拟了尼泊尔地震波场传播过程,得到震源区域烈度分布模拟结果,与实际观测的地表峰值速度(PGV)大体吻合.结果表明:地震烈度的空间分布整体上受控于震源的单边破裂特征,高烈度区域主要分布在破裂传播方向上,即震源东半部.震源南侧到东南侧近场,由于受到震源和地形的双重影响,形成最大烈度分布区域,最大烈度约为IX.南侧平原受低速沉积层影响形成高烈度区域.震源西侧及盆地内烈度相对较低. 相似文献
12.
Summary of technology for a comprehensive geophysical exploration of gold mine in North China Craton
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2021,(9)
The North China Craton is the oldest continental block, and has suffered from large-scale lithospheric thinning and destruction, which in turn led to gold deposits in northern China. The decratonic gold deposits in the North China Craton became the most important gold deposits in China, and geophysical methods are key means to detect and discover gold deposits there. In this paper, based on the geological and petrophysical characteristics of the North China Craton, the geological model of the decratonic gold deposits is transformed into a geophysical model. At present, two methods of geophysical exploration of decratonic gold deposits are in use: rapid and efficient exploration on the scale of the ore concentration area, and large depth exploration on the scale of the deposit area. In detail, the airborne electromagnetic,magnetic and gravity methods are used to detect the shallow(1,500 m) anomaly area on the scale of the ore concentration area.Through the ground-controlled source electromagnetic and ground magnetotelluric methods, explorations for targets at significant depth(5,000 m) are carried out in the mining area. Then, taking the Liaodong ore concentration area as an example,geophysical methods are used to discover two prospecting areas around the Jianshanzi Fault in the Qingchengzi ore concentration area, Baiyun-Xiaotongjiapuzi deep prospecting area, and Qingchengzi deep prospecting area. Next, three prospecting areas are delineated around the Jixingou Fault in the Wulong mining area, Wulong deep prospecting area, Weishagou deep prospecting area, and Chang'an deep prospecting area. The anomalies in the ore concentration area and mining area are revealed by means of three-dimensional exploration methods, thereby providing technical support for the exploration of metal minerals such as decratonic gold deposits. 相似文献
13.
Michael Westgate Musa S.D. Manzi Ian James Wesley Harrison 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(7):2119-2140
Two overlapping legacy seismic profiles, 130 km long end to end, were shot in the 1990s over the Kuruman Hills on the western margin of the Kaapvaal Craton in southern Africa. The 6-s profiles were aimed at investigating the crustal structure of the western Kaapvaal Craton as well as to locate potential continuation of the Witwatersrand gold-bearing horizons beneath the cover rocks, the latter of which was unsuccessful. In this study, the legacy seismic data are reprocessed and used to image the iron-oxide (mainly haematite) mineralization found in the Kuruman Formation of the Griqualand-West Supergroup, which outcrops along the two seismic profiles. The seismic profiles are located close to the Sishen open pit iron mine, where one of the world's largest iron ore concentrations (986 Mt) is mined. The reprocessed and merged seismic data are combined with magnetic, magnetotelluric, borehole and outcrop data to constrain the interpretation, and all indicate the mineralization host rocks to have ∼500 m thickness and 950 m depth. The seismic data further reveal seismic reflections associated with multiple iron ore horizons, which are affected by a first-order scale syncline and numerous near-vertically dipping (∼65–80°) normal and reverse faults of various orientations and throws, thus providing insight into the structurally controlled iron ore mineralization in the area. Seismic tomography and magnetotellurics characterize the sediments to have a velocity ranging between 5000 and 6000 m/s and a resistivity of <10 Ωm. The seismic imaging of the syncline and associated structural disruptions is important for future mining purposes and plans in the area as these structures might have preserved iron-oxide mineralization from erosion. The reprocessed data thus provide information that could be incorporated in potential future underground mine planning in the area, improving the resource evaluation of the iron-oxide deposit. Legacy seismic data are thus shown to hold intrinsic quality and possible untapped potential that can be realized via data reprocessing. 相似文献
14.
A field investigation of fracture compliance 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A field measurement of fracture compliance is described. The aim was to determine how compliance scales with fracture size and, specifically, how laboratory measurements of fracture compliance compared with field estimates from sonic and seismic data. A test site was constructed, consisting of three 40 m vertical boreholes drilled in the floor of a Carboniferous Limestone quarry. Detailed knowledge of the rocks in the test area was obtained from core analysis, wireline logging and local area fracture mapping. Seismic cross‐hole surveys were performed using a sparker source with a dominant frequency of 2000 Hz and hydrophone receivers. The rocks had a compressional‐wave velocity anisotropy of 10%, which was attributed to the presence of predominantly horizontal, partially open fractures. Estimates of normal fracture compliance within a range from 2.5 × 10?13 m/Pa to 3.5 × 10?12 m/Pa were obtained from both the cross‐hole data and the sonic‐log data. This is an order of magnitude greater than values obtained from laboratory experiments which are reported elsewhere. 相似文献
15.
西藏班戈日阿铜多金属矿床位于班戈-腾冲多金属成矿带,是近年来新发现的矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床,已探明资源量达中型规模。最新研究和找矿成果显示矿带呈北西向展布,受燕山晚期白垩纪花岗岩类岩体侵入作用控制,矿体分布于岩体与下白垩统灰岩地层接触带及附近部位。在空间上,矿床主要分为三个矿段：主矿体分布在矿区中西部,目前在西矿段已圈定5个（条）铜矿体,矿体呈似层状、透镜状,其中最大的Cu13号矿体长221 m,平均厚9 m,沿倾向已控制延深100 m以上,铜品位：0.45%~2.01%,平均0.9%。主要金属矿物为黄铜矿、磁铁矿。中矿段已经圈定3条矿体,成矿元素除铜外,铅、锌、银含量也较高,为铜多金属矿体。矿体呈似层状、透镜状。其中以Cu-23号矿体最大,长达300 m,矿体最宽处达110 m。矿体平均品位Cu1.48%,Pb 1.25%,Zn 2.52%,A g 32.52×1-0 6。本文在矿区地质特征研究的基础上,通过对1：5万水系沉积物测量成果分析,对比中、西矿段成矿条件,对矿区东段进行了预测评价,指出该矿区具有较好的铜多金属找矿前景。同时建议对已圈定的1：5万水系沉积物异常开展1：1万土壤地球化学测量工作,进而圈定该区铜多金属矿带或矿（化）体,为矿区深入勘查工作提供依据。 相似文献
16.
A. K. Mahajan Siefko Slob Rajiv Ranjan Rob Sporry P. K. Champati ray Cees J. van Westen 《Journal of Seismology》2007,11(4):355-370
The understanding of geotechnical characteristics of near-surface material is of fundamental interest in seismic microzonation.
Shear wave velocity (Vs), one of the most important soil properties for soil response modeling, has been evaluated through
seismic profiling using the multichannel analysis of surface waves in the city of Dehradun situated along the foothills of
northwest Himalaya. Fifty sites in the city have been investigated with survey lines between 72 and 96 m in length. Multiple
1-D and interpolated 2-D profiles have been generated up to a depth of 30–40 m. The Vs were used in the SHAKE2000 software
in combination with seismic input motion of the recent Chamoli earthquake to obtain site response and amplification spectra.
The estimated Vs are higher in the northern part of the study area (i.e., 200–700 m/s from the surface to a depth of about
30 m) as compared to the south and southwestern parts of the city (i.e., 180–400 m/s for the same depth range). The response
spectra suggest that spectral acceleration values for two-story structures are three to eight times higher than peak ground
acceleration at bedrock. The analysis also suggests peak amplification at 3–4, 2–2.5, and 1–1.5 Hz in the northern, central,
and south-southwestern parts of the city, respectively. The spatial distributions of Vs and spectral accelerations provide
valuable information for the seismic microzonation in different parts of the urban area of Dehradun. 相似文献
17.
S. SINGH 《Geophysical Prospecting》1986,34(4):492-507
A field study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the high frequency seismic reflection technique for mapping of shallow and irregular bedrock. Bedrock reflections were obtained using a hammer source with both in-line and common offset field layouts. The recording equipment included 12-channel enhancement seismographs, 28 Hz vertical geo-phones and a microcomputer. The latter increased the overall versatility of the seismic system. Field sites for this study are typical of the geological settings of the tin mining areas of Malaysia. The topographical ‘lows’ of the irregular bedrock control the localization of tin ore. The subsurface geology consists of a thin low velocity layer (± 300 m/s) overlying the compact overburden (± 1700 m/s) which in turn lies on bedrock. This paper discusses various criteria for designing an optimum window for obtaining usable reflections between the first arrival and the leading edge of the ground roll cone. Detailed mapping of the overburden and the bedrock interface by the reflection method can be useful in delineating areas for exploratory drilling and for optimum planning of mining operations. 相似文献
18.
大排多金属矿区位于闽西南坳陷大田—龙岩次级坳陷带南部,政和—大埔深大断裂西侧,是福建省较大的多金属矿产地之一.随着找矿勘查的不断深入,对在该矿区外围和深部寻找隐伏矿床提出了迫切需求,但研究区地表地形崎岖、植被茂密,以往很少进行高精度大比例尺的综合地球物理调查,因此对隐伏的控矿构造、赋矿层位和火成岩体分布的认识远不能满足深部找矿的需求.本文实施了反射地震、可控源音频大地电磁剖面测量和大比例尺航磁面积性测量,在成矿理论和找矿模型的指导下采用反射地震真地表偏移成像技术、可控源音频大地电磁二维带地形反演技术和航磁数据精细处理与三维反演技术,提取识别了剖面浅层逆冲推覆控矿构造和赋矿层位的反射地震特征,与成矿关系密切的燕山期火成岩体的地震、电磁特征,以及控矿构造和隐伏岩体平面分布的航磁异常特征.在地表地质和已知钻孔岩心及物性的约束下,构建了剖面的综合地球物理的地质解释模型,包括浅层推覆构造和控矿地层分布,推断解释大断裂6条,次级断裂16条和3处较大的隐伏岩体分布,为深入认识研究区的矿床成因和分布规律,指导在外围和深部找矿提供了地球物理有效响应特征. 相似文献
19.
日喀则地质资料匮乏,地球物理勘探资料更加稀缺,该地区在此之前没有开展过地震勘探的工作.本文针对日喀则地区活动断裂,采用夯源为人工震源的浅层地震勘探方法,结合小折射调查低速层,详细讨论工作中的关键性技术问题;提出在该地区地质条件下实施隐伏断裂勘探时的地震仪器选择、方案设计、参数选取、数据处理、断层识别的基本方法;查明拉堆—乃东断裂、抓各落断裂、毕定—甲舍拉断裂、甲岗—谢通门断裂的走向、产状、上断点埋深及其在地表的垂直投影位置等主要参数.为日喀则地区的深浅构造关系等研究提供基础资料,填补该地区地球物理勘探资料的空白. 相似文献
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文中介绍了山区进行三维地震勘探的重要性及其方法原理。以山西晋城煤业集团某勘探区为实例进行实地勘探和试验,并对试验结果进行了详细的分析,进一步验证了该方法的可行性。 相似文献