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1.
为研究上海浅部黏土的渗透系数及其各向异性,沿水平及竖直方向对上海浅部主要黏土层进行了不同压力下的固结试验,联合使用时间平方根法和时间对数法获取了试样的渗透系数,探讨了渗透系数与孔隙比及渗流方向之间的关系,并通过电镜扫描,从微观角度分析了水平和竖直方向渗透系数存在差异的原因。研究结果表明：上海浅部主要黏土层的渗透系数均随着孔隙比的增加而增大。对于单组试验来说,渗透系数k与孔隙比e在e lgk坐标系中呈现很好的线性关系,且渗透变化指数Ck大致呈现Ck = 0.5e0的规律;但对于整体试验而言,渗透系数与孔隙比在e lgk坐标系中大致呈现出曲线关系。通过扫描电镜观察,揭示了沉积形成的絮状微观结构是竖直和水平渗透系数差异较小的主要原因。 相似文献
2.
地热资源的开采会导致热储温度、压力改变,影响其固结变形特性,引发环境地质问题。以鲁西北砂岩热储开采区孔隙型地热储层为研究对象,开展不同应力、温度条件下的固结变形试验,分析固结变形特性,并对卡萨格兰德法与能量法所计算出的先期固结压力进行比较,结果表明：地热储层固结变形量与含水率、温度均呈负相关关系;地热储层自重压缩系数约为标准压缩系数的10%;计算先期固结压力时,低压缩性土可采用能量法,中、高压缩性土可采用卡萨格兰德法Harris模型、Gaussian模型与能量法;先期固结压力与温度呈负相关关系;在25～80℃范围内,初始温度越高,升温使先期固结压力降低越快。 相似文献
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4.
极细颗粒黏土渗流离子效应的试验研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用常规固结仪对孔隙液离子浓度对极细颗粒黏土渗流固结特性的影响进行试验研究,在相同试验条件下进行了4组孔隙液含NaCl浓度不同的膨润土试样固结性质的测试,得到了各试样的固结曲线,求得相应的固结系数,再由固结系数求得相应的渗透系数。通过对各组试样的渗透系数对比分析,结果表明,孔隙液离子浓度对土体的渗流性质有重要影响,土体的渗透系数随孔隙液离子浓度的增加而增大,存在明显的离子效应。试验结果分析认为,黏土颗粒表面的扩散双电层厚度随离子浓度变化而变化,可能是产生离子效应的主要原因。试验结果有助于分析土体渗流离子效应的起因,对改进和完善现有渗流固结计算理论有一定指导意义。 相似文献
5.
天然沉积饱和黏土渗透系数试验研究与预测模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究天然沉积土的物理特性、结构状态与应力水平对其渗透特性的影响,采用固结渗透联合试验,对太湖湖沼相粉质黏土原状样与具有不同前期固结压力的重塑样的渗透系数变化规律进行了测定。原状样和重塑样的渗透系数均随固结压力的增大呈非线性减小,且两者的孔隙比与渗透系数的变化模式相一致;而前期固结压力仅影响渗透系数大小。试验结果表明：土体渗透系数随孔隙比的变化规律不受土结构性（颗粒间胶结作用）和应力历史的影响;对于同一土体,渗透系数大小主要由孔隙比决定,进而对试验和相关文献中不同土体渗透系数在压缩过程中变化规律进行了分析,建立了线性的lg(1+e)-lgkv渗透模型,并考虑了液限的影响,对渗透指数 的经验关系进行了修正,修正后的 计算结果更接近于实测值。研究结果对准确分析原位地基实际受荷过程中非线性固结性状具有重要意义。 相似文献
6.
实验表明，深部土层的先期团结压力与土层沉积的历史有关；土的团结系数和渗透系数均随压力的增大而减小，并在高压下趋于稳定；当压力小于先期团结压力时，土的次团结系数与压力关系不大；当压力大于先期固结压力时，次团结系数随压力的增大而增大。 相似文献
7.
特殊的沉积条件使长江口海域软黏土的力学特性具有明显的地域性。为研究长江口海域饱和软黏土的固结特性及其参数(固结系数Cv、压缩系数av和渗透系数k)的变化规律,对启东长江口某海上风电项目场地软黏土开展了一系列逐级加载的一维固结试验。结果表明：在自然沉积过程中,长江口海域软黏土因受长江水流及黄海和东海潮波的共同作用而具有较弱的结构性;固结过程中,海域软黏土固结变形的发展可分为线性发展阶段、快速变形阶段、稳定阶段,固结变形增量ΔSti随固结应力的增大呈现先减小后增大的变化;固结过程中,长江口海域黏土和粉质黏土的Cv先减小后增大并趋于稳定,av和k逐渐减小并趋于稳定,相较黏土,粉质黏土具有较大的Cv和k,较小的av。研究可为该区域海洋工程的基础设计提供参考。 相似文献
8.
方玉树 《水文地质工程地质》1993,20(5):24-25
通过探寻渗透系数、压缩系数(或体积压缩系数)与孔隙比在固结过程中的变化规律来确定固结系数与固结时间的关系并将其用于固结度计算是无益的,原因在于固结度计算公式只在固结系数为常数时才成立。 相似文献
9.
采用简化的k-σ′和mv-σ′分段模型,通过把结构性土一维固结问题转化为上、下层土体厚度不断变化的双层地基一维固结问题,得出了变荷载下结构性土一维固结近似解,并与数值解对比验证了解的合理性。分析结构破坏后渗透系数和体积压缩系数的变化分别对结构性土固结特性的影响表明,在固结系数减小程度相同的情况下,渗透系数减小程度增加则按孔压定义的固结度减小程度加大,而体积压缩系数不断增加则按变形定义的固结度减小程度加大;固结过程中按孔压定义的固结度大于按变形定义的固结度,且随着体积压缩系数增加程度加大,二者的差距加大。 相似文献
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A numerical representation that explicitly represents the generalized three-dimensional anisotropy of folded fractured-sedimentary rocks in a groundwater model best reproduces the salient features of the flow system in the Shenandoah Valley, USA. This conclusion results from a comparison of four alternative representations of anisotropy in which the hydraulic-conductivity tensor represents the bedrock structure as (model A) anisotropic with variable strikes and dips, (model B) horizontally anisotropic with a uniform strike, (model C) horizontally anisotropic with variable strikes, and (model D) isotropic. Simulations using the US Geological Survey groundwater flow and transport model SUTRA are based on a representation of hydraulic conductivity that conforms to bedding planes in a three-dimensional structural model of the valley that duplicates the pattern of folded sedimentary rocks. In the most general representation, (model A), the directions of maximum and medium hydraulic conductivity conform to the strike and dip of bedding, respectively, while the minimum hydraulic-conductivity direction is perpendicular to bedding. Model A produced a physically realistic flow system that reflects the underlying bedrock structure, with a flow field that is significantly different from those produced by the other three models. 相似文献
12.
软黏土地基由于其含水量高、孔隙比大、强度低、渗透性差,因此,在灵敏度很高的软黏土地基上建造高度较高的路堤,其稳定性很难得到保证。一般采用分级加载的方法使软土地基在路堤荷载的作用下发生固结,强度获得增长。为加速固结,常采用塑料排水板处理地基,使之能在较短的时间内完成固结,加速地基强度增加。针对日本佐贺县高灵敏度的有明黏土地基上修建的分级加载的6.5 m高河堤下软黏土的物理力学性质的变化,说明分级加荷的重要性。现场软土地基为结构性黏土,有很高的灵敏度。而且该软黏土地基的渗透系数极低。因此采用塑料排水板进行了加固处理,施工过程中对地基土的物理与力学性质随固结过程的变化进行了测试。分析了其发展规律,结果表明地基土的单轴强度在250 d内增长了近1倍。 相似文献
13.
In situ dissipation tests provide a means of evaluating the in situ coefficient of horizontal consolidation and horizontal
hydraulic conductivity of soft clays. Dissipation tests by means of piezocone (CPTU), dilatometer (DMT), self-boring pressuremeter
(SBPT) and BAT permeameter (BAT) were utilized in the characterization of the coefficient of horizontal consolidation and
horizontal hydraulic conductivity of Singapore marine clay at Changi in a land reclamation project. Dissipation tests were
carried out prior to reclamation as well as after ground improvement with vertical drains to compare the changes in the coefficient
of horizontal consolidation and horizontal hydraulic conductivity prior to and after ground improvement. Tests were carried
out in a vertical drain area as well as in an adjacent untreated control area after 23 months of surcharge loading, for comparison
purposes. The purpose of this research is to determine the horizontal consolidation parameters of Singapore marine clay prior
to reclamation as well as after 23 months of surcharge loading with and without vertical drains by means of in situ dissipation
tests. 相似文献
14.
Hydraulic Conductivity and Coefficient of Consolidation of Two Sulphide Clays in Sweden 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The variation and anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity and the coefficient of consolidation was investigated for two Swedish
sulphide clays. A series of constant rate of strain oedometer tests was performed on samples trimmed in the vertical and horizontal
direction. A methodology to evaluate the horizontal coefficients of consolidation c
h
via the horizontal hydraulic conductivity k
h
and the vertical compression modulus M
v
is proposed. Laboratory evaluations of c
h
are also compared with determinations of c
h
from in situ piezometer measurements in vertically drained sulphide clay. Furthermore, the validity of the empirical correlation
between hydraulic conductivity change index C
k
and initial void ratio e
0, C
k
= 0.5e
0 (Tavenas et al. in Can Geotech J 20(4):645–660, 1983b), was investigated for the sulphide clays. The results from the investigation show large ranges in measured hydraulic conductivities
and coefficients of consolidation. However, the results indicate that the correlation C
k
= 0.5e
0 is valid. The anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity and the coefficient of consolidation of the sulphide clays tested seems
to be small. For design purposes, multiple tests for assessment of hydraulic conductivity and the coefficient of consolidation
should be made, and a partial factor of safety, depending on the requisite level of safety and the spatial variability of
the parameters, should be introduced. For design purposes in this type of clay, k
h
= k
v
and c
h
= c
v
are suggested. 相似文献
15.
为探讨吹填超软土的固结特性以及含水率与加荷比对次固结系数的影响规律,利用改装后的低压固结仪和常规的高压固结仪进行了分级加载固结试验。试验结果表明,正常沉积重塑土的固结系数随着固结压力的变化整体上呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,而超软土则表现为S型,即在低应力水平作用下,超软土的固结系数呈现下凹型增长; 之后随着固结压力的增加,固结系数近线性增长,但增量比逐渐减小。与正常沉积重塑土不同,超软土的次固结系数随着固结荷载的变化存在峰值; 加荷比对超软土次固结系数影响较大,较小的荷载增量可降低次固结系数; 超软土及正常沉积重塑土的次固结系数均表现为随含水率的增加而增加。 相似文献
16.
晚更新世黄土渗透性的各向异性及其机制研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
非饱和黄土的渗透性是非饱和黄土性质的重要组成部分。研究黄土不同方向的渗透性对确定其湿陷范围和由于水的渗透引起的黄土滑坡具有很重要的理论意义。研究了黄土渗透性的各向异性特征及其机制。以具有明显各向异性的西安Q3原状黄土为研究对象,用TEN型张力计测量了黄土试样不同方向的、不同含水率下的吸力;用变水头渗透试验测量了黄土竖直和水平方向的饱和渗透系数。结果表明,当体积含水率在23%～41%时,张力计沿不同方向插入土样所测吸力相差不大;竖直方向的饱和渗透系数是水平方向的4.02倍。在吸力测量的基础上,根据土-水特征曲线,确定了竖直和水平方向的非饱和黄土的渗透系数。得出在黄土不同方向,随着吸力的增大或减小,渗透系数减小或增大;竖直方向的渗透系数普遍地大于水平方向的渗透系数;当吸力小于57 kPa时,随着吸力的增大,竖向渗透系数与水平向渗透系数的差值减小。通过观测黄土的结构,得出黄土结构对其渗透性有重要影响。 相似文献
17.
A. Arulrajah M. W. Bo H. Nikraz A. S. Balasubramaniam 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(6):647-656
In situ dissipation tests provide a means of evaluating the in situ coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal flow and
hydraulic conductivity in horizontal direction in marine clays formation. Dissipation tests by means of piezocone were utilised
in the characterisation of the coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal flow and the hydraulic conductivity in horizontal
direction of Singapore marine clay at Changi. Piezocone dissipation tests were carried out prior to reclamation as well as
after ground improvement with vertical drains to compare the changes in the coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal
flow and hydraulic conductivity in horizontal direction prior to and after ground improvement. The quasi-static piezometric
pressures from the dissipation tests were compared with piezometric pressures from piezometers to determine their possibility
of future use as an alternative to piezometers. Post-improvement CPTU dissipation tests were carried out in the treated “Vertical
Drain Area” as well as in an adjacent untreated “Control Area” for comparison purposes. This study provides support for the
use of piezocone dissipation testing methods for the determination of the coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal flow
and hydraulic conductivity in horizontal direction of marine clays in the region as well as an alternative to piezometer instrumentation
for monitoring of piezometric pressure during consolidation. 相似文献
18.
弱透水层的渗透系数是区域地下水流系统划分和关键带水-土-生作用的重要参数.结合江汉平原关键带调查采集1:5万杨林尾-陆溪口图幅钻孔52组不同深度、不同岩性的原状土样,利用改进的渗透仪进行室内渗透实验,对粘性土样的渗透系数和粒度特征参数进行经验公式修正.发现研究区沉积物渗透系数与含水岩组埋深和岩性有关.浅层孔隙潜水含水岩组以粉质粘土、粘土为主,沉积环境稳定,渗透系数约10-9 m/s,变异系数为1.56;中深层承压含水岩组夹有多层粘土和粉砂,呈现多旋回分布的典型河湖交互作用的沉积环境,渗透系数为10-10~10-6 m/s,变异系数为2.04,变异性较大.利用有效孔隙比eu与黏粒含量P的显著二项式关系,修正预测粘性土渗透系数的太沙基经验公式,预测值与室内实测数据基本吻合,二者比值均小于10,验证了太沙基修正公式在河湖相平原区的适用性. 相似文献
19.
This paper presents a numerical procedure to explore how hydraulic conductivity anisotropy and strength anisotropy affect the stability of stratified, poorly cemented rock slopes. The results provide information about the anisotropic characteristics of the medium, including the orientation of bedding planes, the anisotropic ratios of the hydraulic conductivity and the geological significance of the hydraulic conductivity anisotropy on the pore water pressure (PWP) estimation of finite slopes. Neglecting the hydraulic conductivity anisotropy of a slope with horizontal layers leads to a 40% overestimation of the safety factor. For a dip slope with inclined layers with θ = 30°, including the strength anisotropy caused a 25% reduction of the safety factor compared to the cases which isotropic strength is assumed. This paper highlights the importance of the hydraulic-conductivity anisotropy and the strength anisotropy on the stability of stratified, poorly cemented rock slopes. 相似文献
20.
Gu Xiaoqiang Li Youhong Hu Jing Shi Zhenhao Liang Fayun Huang Maosong 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(8):3229-3243
Natural clays usually show anisotropic stiffness due to their deposition process and anisotropic in situ stress state. The stiffness anisotropy depends on both of the stress anisotropy and fabric anisotropy, while the latter can be quantified by the stiffness anisotropy at isotropic stress states. This paper measures the K0 value (i.e., stress anisotropy) and elastic shear stiffness anisotropy of natural Shanghai clay in a triaxial apparatus with horizontal and vertical bender elements. The results show that the K0 value of Shanghai clay lies in the range of 0.40–0.66, and an empirical equation is proposed to estimate the K0 value based on the plasticity index and initial void ratio. The fabric anisotropy of natural Shanghai clay lies in the range of 1.2–1.4 with a stronger fabric in the horizontal plane. Moreover, the experimental data of the stiffness anisotropy and fabric anisotropy of different clays in the literature are reviewed and analyzed. It reveals that the stiffness anisotropy generally increases, while the fabric anisotropy remains nearly the same during K0 consolidation. For normally consolidated clay, the fabric anisotropy generally lies in the range of 1.1–1.7. For overconsolidated clays, the fabric anisotropy generally increases as the overconsolidation ratio increases. Empirical equations are proposed to approximately estimate the fabric anisotropy of clays based on its stress normalized elastic shear stiffness.
相似文献