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将Ｐｏｙｎｔｉｎｇ－Ｔｈｏｍｓｏｎ模型视为适用于岩石的本构关系,并由此推导出,以体积应力Σ和体积应变Θ表示的,岩石在三向压缩下的流变方程。就Σ·恒定、Θ·恒定、Σ恒定、Θ恒定４种情形对该方程进行论证并求解,结果是：对于前两种情形,岩石的响应属纯弹性型,而且由此推演出来的Σ—Θ关系,与经典弹性力学的结果完全一致。至于后两种情形,响应属粘弹性型,分别显示蠕变和应力松弛现象 相似文献
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通过对济宁三号煤矿岩样进行现场采取和室内试验分析,探究对开采有威胁的3煤层顶板砂岩和红层的渗透率特征。试验结果表明,中粗砂岩的渗透率最大,泥岩样的渗透率相对较小;应力对岩石的渗透率有很大的影响,主要体现在节理的法向闭合和剪胀效应,其中应力剪胀能显著地改变岩石节理的渗透性;岩石应变渗透率曲线,表现出渗透率峰值"滞后"的特点;在岩石处于弹塑性阶段时候,渗透率的变化剧烈且具有不可预测性,然而岩石渗透率与体积应变有很好的一致性。通过对实验结果的归纳总结,本文将岩石在全应力应变过程中渗透率变化划分成5个阶段:微裂隙压密闭合阶段、微裂隙随机扩展阶段、裂隙扩展贯通阶段、裂隙错动充分发育阶段和裂隙二次闭合阶段。 相似文献
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为了研究岩石在加载-卸载过程中的应力-应变关系,以砂岩为例,对其进行常规三轴加卸载试验。分析了峰后卸载阶段岩石的非线性特性,对岩石的损伤变量进行定义,给出了峰后卸载过程中用于描述应力-应变关系的弹性模量模型。通过分析加载-卸载过程中的轴向应变与径向应变的关系,得到了卸载过程中泊松比模型。引入D-P塑性模型,针对砂岩的塑性硬化特性,对硬化函数进行修正,建立了与等效塑性应变相关联的损伤模型。将计算模型矩阵化后进行数值计算。在此过程中得到如下结论:多孔隙岩石在加载过程中表现出明显的非线性特征,随着体应力的增大,岩石的弹性模量逐渐增大。岩石峰后卸载过程中,当轴向应力大于围压时,应力-应变可以利用峰前弹性阶段的弹性模量模型乘以连续性因子进行描述。随着等效塑性应变的增大,泊松比先增大后减小,最终趋于稳定。峰后卸载过程中,等效塑性应变不发生变化,此时泊松比保持不变。利用提出的本构模型进行了数值计算,数值计算结果与试验结果进行对比,结果表明,提出的模型能够反映出岩石在峰后卸载过程中的应力-应变规律。 相似文献
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基于细观力学,建立颗粒材料的宏观应力-应变与接触力、接触位移、枝矢量等细观量之间的关系。用改进的Voronoi-Delaunay法对颗粒材料进行几何和物理上划分,得到改进Bagi双胞元体系;以固体胞元为基础,运用牛顿第二定律和Gauss定理提出含有旋转矢量和重力的颗粒材料平均等效应力,避免了颗粒材料的准静态假设;在孔隙胞元区域内利用变形协调条件推导出含有孔隙面矢量等几何变量的颗粒材料平均等效应变。结合文献的二维颗粒材料宏观试验结果验证了双胞元平均等效应力-应变的正确性;在三维情形下,对比双胞元等效应变和最优拟合应变结果,同样验证了基于双胞元的颗粒材料应力-应变关系,因此,该颗粒材料应力-应变关系可以为数值模拟颗粒材料力学行为提供依据。 相似文献
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构造应力对裂缝形成与流体流动的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
裂缝是低渗透储层流体流动的主要通道,控制了低渗透油气藏的渗流系统。低渗透储层裂缝的形成与流体密切相关,高流体压力引起岩石内部的有效正应力下降,导致岩石剪切破裂强度下降,使岩石容易产生裂缝。高孔隙流体压力还造成某一点的应力摩尔圆向左移动,可以使其最小主应力(σ3)由压应力状态变成拉张应力状态,从而在岩石中形成拉张裂缝。裂缝的渗透性受现今应力场的影响,通常与现今应力场最大主压应力近平行分布的裂缝呈拉张状态,连通性好,开度大,渗透率高,是主渗透裂缝方向。构造应力对沉积盆地流体流动的影响主要表现在三个方面:(1)构造应力导致的岩石变形,不仅提供了流体流动的通道,而且还改变了岩石的渗透性能;(2)在构造强烈活动时期,构造应力的快速变化是流体流动的重要驱动力;(3)岩石中应力状态影响多孔介质的有效应力,从而影响介质中的渗流场。当作用在含流体介质上的构造应力发生改变时,岩石孔隙体积变小,构造应力首先由岩石的骨架来承担;当岩石孔隙体积减小到一定程度时,构造应力由孔隙流体来承担,从而影响岩层渗流场的变化。 相似文献
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为了研究黏土体积变形的微观结构变化特征,选取上海第4层淤泥质黏土为研究对象,分别采用各向等压和K0压缩两种方法制备体积变化率相同的土样,经冷冻真空干燥后对土样进行压汞试验并测定土中孔隙大小分布状况。压汞试验结果表明：试验黏土中孔隙可分为大孔隙、中孔隙、小孔隙和微孔隙,小孔隙占据土中孔隙的大部分空间,且其变化能够反映微观结构的主要特性;在各向等压应力状态下,随着压应力增高、体积压缩量增大,黏土颗粒发生空间平移使颗粒间变得更为紧密,孔隙分布曲线变化以孔隙波峰往孔隙变小方向偏移为主要特征,孔隙尺寸变小而孔隙形态基本不变;在K0压缩应力状态下,随着压应力增高,黏土颗粒发生旋转使孔隙变得扁平,表现为孔隙波峰位置基本不发生偏移,而以峰值降低为主要特征,孔隙结构形态明显改变 相似文献
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泊松比对岩样破坏模式及全部变形特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用编写的计算岩样全部变形特征的FISH函数, 采用FLAC模拟了泊松比不同时单缺陷岩石试样的破坏及全部变形特征。在峰前及峰后, 本构模型分别取为线弹性模型及莫尔库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的应变软化模型。高泊松比使岩样发生由单一剪切破坏向复杂破坏转变、破坏区域的面积增加、剪切带倾角降低, Coulomb、Roscoe及Arthur理论对此无法解释。不同泊松比时计算得到的峰前应力-轴向应变曲线、应力-侧向应变曲线、侧向应变-轴向应变曲线、体积应变-轴向应变曲线的线性阶段与平面应变压缩条件下的线弹性解吻合。若泊松比超过1/3, 通过计算得到的平面应变压缩泊松比可大于0.5, 这被数值模拟确认。泊松比的增加使峰后的侧向应变-轴向应变曲线、体积应变-轴向应变曲线、计算得到的泊松比-轴向应变曲线变得不陡峭, 使峰后的应力-侧向应变曲线变得陡峭, 使破坏的前兆变得不明显。 相似文献
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The effective stress concept and the evaluation of changes in pore air pressure under jacketed isotropic compression tests for dry sand based on the 2‐phase porous theory 
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下载免费PDF全文 The effective stress concept for solid‐fluid 2‐phase media was revisited in this work. In particular, the effects of the compressibility of both the pore fluid and the soil particles were studied under 3 different conditions, i.e., undrained, drained, and unjacketed conditions based on a Biot‐type theory for 2‐phase porous media. It was confirmed that Terzaghi effective stress holds at the moment when soil grains are assumed to be incompressible and when the compressibility of the pore fluid is small enough compared to that of the soil skeleton. Then, isotropic compression tests for dry sand under undrained conditions were conducted within the triaxial apparatus in which the changes in the pore air pressure could be measured. The ratio of the increment in the cell pressure to the increment in the pore air pressure, m, corresponds to the inverse of the B value by Bishop and was obtained during the step loading of the cell pressure. In addition, the m values were evaluated by comparing them with theoretically obtained values based on the solid‐fluid 2‐phase mixture theory. The experimental m values were close to the theoretical values, as they were in the range of approximately 40 to 185, depending on the cell pressure. Finally, it was found that the soil material with a highly compressible pore fluid, such as air, must be analyzed with the multi‐phase porous mixture theory. However, Terzaghi effective stress is practically applicable when the compressibilities of both the soil particles and the pore fluid are small enough compared to that of the soil skeleton. 相似文献
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弹塑性条件下岩土孔隙介质有效应力系数理论模型 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
分析了有效应力系数的物理机理及其主要影响因素,在此基础上,提出了等效孔隙连通率的概念,以此表征岩土类孔隙介质的结构和孔隙之间的连通性,建立了有效应力系数张量演化的普适性理论模型。基于大理岩峰后和砂岩不同塑性变形阶段的有效应力测试试验,分析了塑性条件下影响有效应力系数的主要因素,结果表明塑性条件下,影响有效应力系数的主要因素为等效孔隙连通率。利用试验数据,通过拟合得到了大理岩和砂岩的等效孔隙连通率随应变的演化规律,从而得到了有效应力系数与变形的关系。研究成果为弹塑性条件下的流固耦合研究提供了基础性的理论和方法支持。 相似文献
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A numerical model, called CCPF1 (C onsolidation with C ompressible P ore F luid 1 ), is presented for one‐dimensional large strain consolidation of a saturated porous medium with compressible pore fluid. The algorithm includes all the capabilities of a previous large strain consolidation code, CS2, written for incompressible pore fluid. In addition, fluid density and fluid viscosity are functions of fluid pressure in CCPF1. Generalization of the numerical approach to accommodate these functions requires several modifications to the CS2 method, including phase relationships, intrinsic permeability, pore pressure, fluid potential, and mass flux. Inertial forces are neglected and isothermal conditions are assumed. The development of CCPF1 is first presented, followed by an example that illustrates the effects of pore fluid compressibility on the mechanics of consolidation of saturated porous media. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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孔隙存在是孔隙介质材料结构的本质特征,它决定了孔隙介质的本构关系呈现更为复杂的性质。首先给出了孔隙介质的视应力、视应变、骨架实际应力和骨架实际应变的定义,并在理想孔隙介质的物质模型假定下讨论了理想孔隙介质的本构关系,表明即使孔隙介质的骨架结构满足虎克弹性体本构关系的假定,即假定骨架的实际应力与实际应变之间呈现线性关系,但由于孔隙的存在,孔隙介质的视应力与视应变之间还是呈现非线性,说明应力与变形之间的非线性是孔隙介质的固有特性。 相似文献
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Modeling of subsidence and stress-dependent hydraulic conductivity for intact and fractured porous media 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Summary This study investigates the changes in deformation and stress dependent hydraulic conductivities that occur as a result of underground mining in intact and fractured porous media. The intact porous medium is assumed to be comprised of regularly packed spherical grains of uniform size. The variation in grain size or pore space due to the effect of changing intergranular stresses results in a change in rock hydraulic conductivity. A model is developed to describe the sensitivity of hydraulic conductivity to effective stresses through Hertzian contact of spherical grains. The fractured porous medium is approximated as an equivalent fracture network in which a single fracture is idealized as a planar opening having a constant equivalent thickness or aperture. Changes in fracture aperture as a result of changes in elastic deformation control the variation of hydraulic conductivity. A model is presented to illustrate the coupling between strain and hydraulic conductivity. Subsidence induced deformations that result from mining induced changes in hydraulic conductivity in both intact and fractured media. These changes are examined and compared with results from a mining case study. 相似文献
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以颗粒堆积模型为基础,考虑了低渗透岩心颗粒不同排列方式和不同变形方式,建立了毛管束模型,并通过颗粒Hertz接触变形原理对毛管变形量进行计算,研究毛管和多孔介质应力敏感性定量表征关系,通过有效毛管分数和毛管变形规律探讨了低渗透储层应力敏感性的作用机制。研究表明,低渗透储层的应力敏感性主要表现为渗透率的应力敏感性,相比于渗透率应力敏感性,孔隙度应力敏感性较弱;低渗透储层应力敏感性与岩石颗粒排列方式、颗粒变形方式、岩石微观孔隙结构、固液界面作用力和启动压力梯度效应等密切相关;考虑有效毛管分数和毛管变形量的多孔介质应力敏感性量化模型可从应力敏感性微观作用机制角度解释低渗透储层应力敏感性。 相似文献
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When fluid flows in porous media under subsurface conditions, significant deformation can occur. Such deformation is dependent on structural and phase characteristics. In this paper, we investigate the effect of multiphase flow on the deformation of porous media at the pore scale by implementing a strongly coupled partitioned solver discretized with finite volume (FV) technique. Specifically, the role of capillary forces on grain deformation in porous media is investigated. The fluid and solid subdomains are meshed using unstructured independent grids. The model is applied for solving multiphase coupled equations and is capable of capturing pore scale physics during primary drainage by solving the Navier-Stokes equation and advecting fluid indicator function using volume of fluid (VOF) while the fluid is interacting with a nonlinear elastic solid matrix. The convergence of the coupled solver is accelerated by Aitken underrelaxation. We also reproduce geomechanical stress conditions, at the pore scale, by applying uniaxial stress on the solid while simultaneously solving the multiphase fluid-solid interaction problem to investigate the effect of external stress on fluid occupancy, velocity-field distribution, and relative permeability. We observe that the solid matrix exhibits elasto-capillary behavior during the drainage sequence. Relative permeability endpoints are shifted on the basis of the external stress exerted. 相似文献
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Inglis [1] has solved the problem of distribution of stress in an elastic plate around an elliptical hole. His works clarify the role of cracks in the failure of an elastic material. However, his solution cannot be applied to saturated clay because he considers only total stresses, while, in saturated clay, the criterion of rupture should be expressed in terms of effective and not total stresses. The solution of Atkinson and Craster [2] using Biot's poroelasticity theory, shows that there is no high pore pressure in the vicinity of the crack tips for saturated clay. The major difference between this approach and the Biot's theory of is that, in saturated clay, strain is a function of the variation of the effective stress [3], while, in poroelastic media, strain is only a function of the variation of the total stress [4, Equation 2.2]. Also in their solution there is continuity between the pore fluid and the inner fluid in the crack. Their solution is valid for poroelastic media involving a movement of the pore fluid. In our solution there is no movement of the pore fluid (Undrained condition). In this paper we have solved the same problem as Inglis [1], but for the particular case of saturated clay obeying elastic law. By solving this problem we obtained the expressions for pore pressure, effective stress, total stress and displacements. The results show that not only the total stress but also the pore pressure and the effective stress are also high in the vicinity of the crack tips. A new failure criterion, based on Griffith's strain energy principle [5] and maximum tensile stress [6], valid for saturated clay is developed in this paper. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A micro‐hydromechanical model for granular materials is presented. It combines the discrete element method for the modeling of the solid phase and a pore‐scale finite volume formulation for the flow of an incompressible pore fluid. The coupling equations are derived and contrasted against the equations of conventional poroelasticity. An analogy is found between the discrete element method pore‐scale finite volume coupling and Biot's theory in the limit case of incompressible phases. The simulation of an oedometer test validates the coupling scheme and demonstrates the ability of the model to capture strong poromechanical effects. A detailed analysis of microscale strain and stress confirms the analogy with poroelasticity. An immersed deposition problem is finally simulated and shows the potential of the method to handle phase transitions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献